tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30513663785020053752024-02-28T15:42:31.554-08:00The More Things Change...A blog dedicated to the proposition that understanding the past better equips us to live in the present and plan for the future. I discuss national issues--and offer a historical context--focusing on eight classic old mill towns along Pennsylvania's lower Schuylkill River. I tackle the myths that surround urban history, and attempt to offer a better understanding, because those who continue to believe in myths will continue to make mistakes.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.comBlogger136125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-24874775768848558712018-05-04T08:48:00.003-07:002018-05-04T08:48:59.725-07:00It’s Time to Say Goodbye…and “Ha Det”<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This will be my last post for this
blog. There are two components to this decision, the reason behind it and the
timing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reason behind it has been
growing for a while now, and a most welcome event has provided me with the
timing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it’s not easy to let go.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I lived for thirty-six years in Port Indian, a small community along (and, frequently, in) the
lower Schuylkill River, just upriver from Norristown, in Southeastern
Pennsylvania.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During my decades there, I
grew to love the Schuylkill Valley, and most of all the history of its small
towns.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Applying my professional
training to my personal environment, I undertook studies of the towns along the
lower part of the river.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My first book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">What Killed Downtown? Norristown,
Pennsylvania, From Main Street to the Malls,</i> focused on the Schuylkill
Valley’s largest municipality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">What Killed Downtown? </i>related the
collapse of its Main Street commercial sector after 1950, and disproved the conventional
wisdom that the King of Prussia Mall was the cause.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I took a very different approach
for my second book, and considered the past, present and future of the eight towns
on the lower Schuylkill River as a group.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">They’ve Been Down So Long…Getting
Up’s Still On Their Minds</i> reveals both the commonalities and the
differences in their history, and the reasons for their vastly different
conditions today.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Both are available, by the way, at the Historical Society of Montgomery
County, Pennsylvania, and, of course, on Amazon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ironically, I did not begin this blog until my big move West.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I followed my wife to San Francisco, where
she had been offered her dream job in her favorite city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once on the West
Coast, I began this blog to keep my connection with the Schuylkill Valley
alive, and have posted at least once a month since then.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I attempted to put urban history in the service
of urban revival.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I believe that physical
distance gave me the perspective to establish priorities among the confusing
plethora of contenders for attention in each town, which is so difficult when
one is in the middle of the fight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
tried to impart this broader point of view by planting it firmly in the tides
of American history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I commented on what
are national problems, but through a distinctly local prism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It’s been quite a journey, but the passage of time makes the advantage
of perspective a diminishing asset.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
sense that it was time to end things has been growing, but always before
postponed when events in the Schuylkill Valley allowed me to make a salient
point or two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What makes the timing now is most welcome news from a different
quarter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>McFarland & Company, Inc.
has contracted to publish my next book.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I am excited about this, and will in the coming months be occupied
reading galley proofs, planning promotional events and the like.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This presents a conflict, because the book
has absolutely nothing to do with either the lower Schuylkill River or the
towns along it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus, my timing has
become now.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That makes this last post pretty much a “GOOD BYE AND THANK YOU one, and
there are many to thank.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Internet
tells me that “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ha Det</i>” is “goodbye”
in Norwegian, and so I include it in my final post title.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I do this to thank the numerous Norwegians
who have viewed my blog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I also wish to
thank my readers from not just America and Norway, but from Israel, Russia, and
many more countries, some of them very far away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I never expected my locally-focused blog to
gain an international audience, but it did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It’s humbling to think that I might have contributed a little something
toward the better understanding of our confusing country, the United States.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But most of all I want to thank my readers in my subject towns along the
lower Schuylkill River.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I began this
blog for you, and although, judging from my page view metrics, you quickly
became a small minority of my readers, you remained foremost in my
thoughts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And among you, I would most
like to thank—believe it or not—those who disagreed with my comments, and
weren’t afraid to say so, at least on Facebook.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Real change is only possible following an informed exchange of views
among those with differing solutions for the problems being faced, and I deeply
appreciated your contributions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So this will be my last post.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
while I shall not publish any new ones, I suspect that, on occasion, an old one
may see the light of day again, because it will again be relevant to the
changes underway not just in the Schuylkill Valley, but across the United
States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After all, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the more things change</i></b>…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-66452126291502690322018-04-06T09:40:00.000-07:002018-04-06T09:40:22.352-07:00Want to Preserve Your Own Local History? It’s Up to You!<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Last month I wrote to you about the
Historical Society of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, and its rebirth of
activism and achievement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This month I
will ask—nay, plead—with you to be part of this renaissance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The HSMC’s task is to preserve and interpret
the history of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania; every corner of its land; every
community, and all its many peoples.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or
at least it wants to; whether it does it ENTIRELY up to the residents of
Montgomery County.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you have visited the Society, you probably saw a fraction of its
outstanding collection of 19<sup>th</sup> Century items, most notably from the
Civil War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you were a researcher, the
Society’s records of obscure and long-forgotten churches were probably your
goal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Society also possesses an
excellent collection of 18<sup>th</sup> Century items and records.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But what about the 20<sup>th</sup>
Century?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So far, the answer is, “not so
much,” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I remember a conversation I had in the late 1990s with “Johnny” Young, a
grand lady and one of the volunteer pillars of the Historical Society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was speaking to me of the religious
divisions within the society of “old Norristown” (I was never with her but that
I wished I had a tape recorder).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was
relating the relative social relationships of Episcopalians, Methodists,
Presbyterians, Baptists and so on within the Borough, a residue of the 19<sup>th</sup>
century domination of these Northern European sects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At one point I asked her, “But what about
Italians, or other Catholics?"<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She gave
me that sweet, knowing smile of hers, and replied, “Oh, we don’t have anything
about Italians.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And why not, you may ask?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
answer is simple, and inescapable: the Historical Society of Montgomery County,
Pennsylvania is a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">volunteer</i></b> organization when it comes to obtaining the items for its collection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Society does not
buy anything; everything it possesses was gifted to it in some manner.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There is also another, related reason.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The HSMC demonstrates a characteristic that is by no means unique; I
have observed it visiting other local historical societies in other regions of
the U.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every such historical society
was founded at a certain time for a certain reason, and both the time and the
reason are apparent in the items displayed by the Society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Decades and even centuries may have passed,
but those original historical inspirations remain the core of every
society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Subsequent generations cannot sustain the initial enthusiasm. </span></span>I have, for example, toured a
few county historical societies in the West, and if you looked at their
displays, you might question whether anything had happened in the area since
they ceased driving cattle up the Abilene Trail. </div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The HSMC was founded in the post-Civil War period by people for whom the
war was their defining moment, and for whom the Revolutionary war had not been
so long ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The collections reflect
that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By comparison, the 20<sup>th</sup>
century has scant representation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s
a shame, and the residents of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania are the cause.</span></div>
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It’s time to change that; in fact, it’s long past time. The 20<sup>th</sup> century saw the political
and social emergence of later immigrants (or their children), those from Italy,
Eastern Europe, and of course, Jews.
Their descendants should be ensuring that their story is told, because it
is just as much the history of Montgomery County as the Revolutionary or Civil
Wars.</div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This is an extremely important task, and I am pleased to give you an
example of how it should be done:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In 1957, three local Councils of the Knights of Columbus established an
Assembly to honor Father Joseph C. Tomko, the founding pastor of Mother of
Sorrows Church and Catholic School in Bridgeport.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Father Tomko died that year and was buried on
the church grounds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That Assembly has
continued to exist, and in 2017 decided to compile a booklet about Father Tomko
in honor of the 60<sup>th</sup> anniversary of his death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>What made the 60<sup>th</sup>
anniversary especially poignant was the fact that the church had been reduced
to a pile of rubble, the first step for a housing development.<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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They checked the
HSMC, but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“the only booklet that did talk
about the churches in Bridgeport was the Centennial edition called “History of
Bridgeport, Pa 1851-1951” - by Edward Pinkowski and was for sale for the price
of one dollar...”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s a damn
shame.<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But they persevered, collected the stories, and organized them into a
booklet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“We ended up with an in-depth historical keepsake of which we printed
175 copies for our Assembly members, contributors and advertisers.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was
given a copy, by the way (thanks, Petrus Korpel); it’s quite impressive.<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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But, most
important of all, the Assembly also donated two copies to the HSMC, which,
after formal accession procedures<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, “will
be a permanent addition to the Society with historical facts unknown in the
past.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That is exactly the
point, and I commend the Assembly for this action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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The destruction
of Mother of Sorrows Church is emblematic of what has been happening all along
the lower Schuylkill River. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We
have all witnessed the decline and closing of so many once-prosperous ethnic
parishes in the Schuylkill River towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>These churches, along with the volunteer fire companies, were the core
organizations of each town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As their
congregants scatter and the churches face the wrecking ball, is their story
being told?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Will their stories continue
to educate future generations, or will they die untold, because no one
collected the memories and provided for them?</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Too many of those stories are going to be
lost, because no one took it upon themselves to preserve them.</div>
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<!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">It’s up to you to take action if you want to
preserve the history of your people. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Do you believe that the history of your parish,
your church, or any of your town’s volunteer organizations should be
preserved? I encourage you to view the
Historical Society of Montgomery County as the agent to accomplish this. It is now staffed by professionals, and your
contributions will receive the welcome and the extended care that they deserve. Contact them; they are the professionals, and
will assist you, but you have to take the initiative.</span><!--EndFragment--></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-8855858640953799632018-03-05T10:00:00.000-08:002018-03-05T10:00:34.582-08:00Montgomery County's Custodians Of The Past Have A Bright Future<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The town of Norristown, Pennsylvania, has
been stagnating for decades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But buried
in a residential area of north Norristown is a gem of an organization that
itself was stagnating, also for decades, but is clearly on the road to revival
and new heights of relevance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps
there are some lessons to be learned here, ones that apply to every town along
the lower Schuylkill River.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I write about the Historical Society of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania,
located at 1654 DeKalb Street in Norristown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I invite those of you from the Conshohockens, Bridgeport, Royersford and
Pottstown to read this, because the HSMC is the County Society, not just “the
Norristown historical society,” as too many ignorant people have
proclaimed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It preserves <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">your</i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>history also.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The people of Montgomery County need to know more about the HSMC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This month I write about the transformative
experience the HSMC has undergone in recent years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is an example from which many can
learn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Next month I’ll write about how
you and yours can take advantage of the Society’s new capabilities to write
your own community’s history and see that it is preserved.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I write this first post from
experience; I was a part-time employee of the Society between 1996 and 2001.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those were some of the years of stagnation, and I can testify to that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I don’t know when that period began, but by the time I began there it
had been underway for some time, and had settled into a pattern.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Genealogy had almost single-handedly sustained the Society, and had
become pretty much its sole focus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
late Vivian Taylor and Rose Brown earned the Society high marks for its support
of genealogists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But little else got
done, and nothing approaching maintenance. </span>The staff knew what the few researchers
were looking for, and collected those works in an easy to reach location.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They recognized each book by sight, and paid
no attention to its actual call number.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The mail—largely genealogical queries—was answered, the few visitors
serviced (quite well), and the bills were paid, but that was about it. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I remember clearly my first day at the Society, when I explored its
nooks and crannies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The upper floor of
the stacks was an absolute mess; things just piled about, in no order, or in
anything close to proper storage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was
appalled to see that there was a window up there (who puts windows in an
archival storage room?) that each day spread sunlight across a large pile of
old newspapers that were just sitting there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There were pre-Civil war papers, largely anti-slavery in theme.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very valuable items just sat there, gradually
fading under sunlight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The last thing I
did that first day was to take a piece of cardboard and tape it over the
window, to keep out the sunlight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had
to start somewhere.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Much of my time at the Society was spent simply moving things around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of my ongoing efforts (it took a couple of years to accomplish) was to slowly put all the books and pamphlets in their proper call number order, so someone who didn’t know what the book looked like could still find it, just like in a normal library.</span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The core of the Society’s collection is the
many old, large, handwritten property records of Montgomery County.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are huge, heavy, and hard to carry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This group of books was divided into three different
locations, and were themselves not in chronological order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a good reason for that; the HSMC’s shelves
were built from what must have been a giant erector set (anyone remember
those?); everything was assembled with bolts and nuts and a wrench.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shelf heights were adjustable, but only with
a great deal of effort.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I kept working
on those shelves, at the cost of a great many skinned knuckles, until they
could accept items in their proper order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Finally, one proud day, I could actually proclaim that every book in the
collection (save those piled with the old newspapers on the upper floor of the
stacks) was now filed in call number order.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Society’s paper and bound items gradually assumed some order, but
the massive collection of artifacts lay crammed together in the room that had
been designed for meetings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some had
been more or less properly stored, the work of the Society’s dedicated
volunteers, but most items just sat on the floor or on temporary shelving.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was barely a path to get through
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I also had to be VERY careful not
to touch the silk flag of the 151<sup>st</sup> Pennsylvania Regiment of
Volunteers, which had sat draped around its pole since shortly after the Civil
War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One wrong move, and it might have
crumbled before my eyes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The reason for all of this was obvious: lack of income. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everyone knew this, so the Society’s Executive
Committee threw nickels around like they were manhole covers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alice Smith, the bedrock of the Society for
decades, used to call us “paid volunteers,” and I can testify to the truth of
that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Early in my time there I visited
the historical societies of both Chester and Bucks Counties, looking for
context about the task ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
discovered that the Chester County Society’s yearly budget <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">deficit</i> (more spent than collected) alone was greater than <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the entire year’s budget</i> for the
Montgomery County Society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Such a lack of funding meant an even greater reliance on volunteers for
an organization that prided itself in its volunteer staff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The entire executive committee and Board of
Directors were, of course, unpaid, and put in countless hours trying to keep
our head above the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our staff of
volunteers did most of the work, as is usual in such organizations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In this account of things during the years of stagnation, I must also
point to the single most important thing that the Society accomplished during
those latter years:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>obtaining ownership
of Montgomery Cemetery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Few today
remember how close the cemetery came to becoming part of yet another townhouse
development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We fought against that
proposal, then managed to secure ownership, thus saving a treasure of
Montgomery County history.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But when it came to a historical society’s primary task, caring for
items made fragile by age, enthusiasm, dedication, and hours invested by
volunteers could not compensate for the lack of trained staff to properly
catalog, care for, and interpret items in the Society’s collections.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The lack of trained staff was due to, of
course, lack of money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The end result
was a sustained period of stagnation, just getting by.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But that was then, and, as I like to say, this is now, and things have
changed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I don’t know when the period of
stagnation began, but I can date the point at which the inertia of motion
replaced the inertia of rest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’d like
to think that I had a small part in it, but the event that made the difference
was the election of Ella Aderman as President of the Society. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was, as I understand it, the first Society
President to have actually trained in historic preservation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The era of well-meaning amateurs was ending. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The path toward today was not smooth; such
journeys never are.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Society’s recent
past is strewn with departures and hard feelings, but the end result simply
cannot be denied.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Today, the Historical Society of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania seems
to have been reborn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every member of its
staff is a trained professional, for the first time in the Society’s
history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Items in the collection are
getting the proper treatment, and the meeting room is back in service for
community outreach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Genealogy is still
important, but the subjects you could learn about from the Society’s speakers
and events are quite broad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In March,
2018 alone, you can learn how to maximize your use of Ancestry.com in a class
offered by a professional genealogist, or you can attend a workshop about the
now-lost art of letter writing, featuring some of the exquisite examples from
the HSMC collections, and even try your hand at writing in the old manner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or, of course, you could do both.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The above are just two of the offerings this month; the Society puts on
talks and workshops every month.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
will be the annual Memorial Day celebration at Montgomery Cemetery, and so much
more this year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Society’s quarterly
newsletter the “Acorn,” is a constant source of new information discovered by
the Society staff, and shared with members.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How did the HSMC accomplish this?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I have no idea, but the example it has set should cause some people to
talk to them, because new money didn’t resurrect the Society; it was a
cooperative effort under an established and adhered-to program.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There could be some lessons here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Historical Society of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania still faces
challenges, make no mistake about it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That’s where you county residents can help (even without spending
money), and the Society will in turn help you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If you are proud of your town, your township, your church, your
ethnicity, or any other local connection, you can help write their history, and
see that it is preserved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ll write
about this opportunity next month.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
the meanwhile, stop by and check out the Historical Society of Montgomery
County, Pennsylvania.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s worth the visit.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-71952331760108120322018-02-02T08:08:00.001-08:002018-02-02T08:08:53.723-08:00Will the King of Prussia Rail Project Benefit Bridgeport, Norristown, or even King of Prussia?<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It’s about time I got back to
discussing my particular interest, “alternate transportation.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Last month I advocated for the Lafayette
Street-to-Turnpike project, as have done previously [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">5/29/15, 3/11/16, 4/8/16, 1/6/17</i>].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I believe this project to be fundamental to any future renaissance of my
favorite town, Norristown, Pennsylvania, and hence I support it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But advocating for roads always leaves me
with an underlying discontent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I can
repress it because, when the goal is community revitalization, one’s ideology
should not color one’s examination of a proposal or project. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This month, with greater joy I turn to a
currently-under-development-and-may-actually-happen project to build a new rail
line in Southeastern Pennsylvania.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The “King of Prussia Rail Project” is only a short—less than five
miles—east-west spur to the north-south Norristown High Speed Line that will run between
King of Prussia and Bridgeport.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it
isn’t a local project; it’s part of <span style="background: white; color: black;">a
regional plan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its purpose is to
establish another connection between King of Prussia and Philadelphia, one not
subject to traffic jams.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Any benefits
accruing to the residents through whose neighborhoods it will pass will be
purely coincidental.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">My headline for this post refers to the towns of Bridgeport and
Norristown, but just the residents of King of Prussia; that particular Census
Area doesn’t need much help.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it’s
going to get help anyway; that’s part of The Project’s reason for being.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">From my perspective, the King of Prussia Rail Project is yet another
demonstration of a historical trend about which I have written before [<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">2/11/14, 2/20/14</i>], the shifting of
economic influence from Philadelphia to King of Prussia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Project’s documents mention how it is designed
to connect “Greater Philadelphia’s major centers of commerce and culture.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two of these three centers—downtown Philadelphia
and University City—are already well connected, located just across a river as
they are.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>King of Prussia is the third,
and despite what on a map may look like good road connections to the city,
anyone who has driven them knows better.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While a direct connection between King of Prussia and the
downtown/University City area via the existing Regional Rail line would have
been preferable, that was apparently dismissed as unfeasible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hence the connection is indirect, using the
long-existing Norristown High Speed line to West Philly for most of the actual
mileage itself.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Great things are predicted for the
project, with most of the benefits seemingly going to King of Prussia. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But that hasn’t stopped the opposition from
some King of Prussia residents. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Local opposition to the project in Upper Merion Township revolves around
the usual concerns, i.e., crime, noise pollution, and lowered property
values.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These are typical NIMBY issues,
the type that surface during every proposal for development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But some of the arguments of the local
opposition do serve to clarify the real intent behind the grand phrases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two statements by an opposition leader point
out their major issue: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #333333;">"Most of the positives that could
come out of this extension would be for people outside Upper Merion
Township,"</span></i><span style="background: white; color: #333333;"> and “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">At best, this train is mainly supported by
nonresidents and businesses.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
author is correct on both points, but that’s not going to make any difference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333;">The project is the result of a macro focus
on regional transportation; benefits for the King of Prussia residents will be
few and far between.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The new line will
have five stops in Upper Merion, but only one of them will serve the area
residents, the one at Henderson Road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
others are destination stops at the favored local business locations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; color: black;">Local opinion seems to have been significant only in the
selection of the specific route, particularly in the rejection of the Route 202
route option, which was roundly condemned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Still, you can’t route the line away from everybody, or it really would
serve no purpose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some King of Prussia
residents remain concerned about the project’s effect on their properties.</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">My major problem<span style="background: white; color: black;"> is how
Valley Forge Park has become part of the project’s supposed selling
points.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The train’s final stop westbound
is being touted as “a stone’s throw away” from Valley Forge National Park.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is more than a little disingenuous; the
final stop is at the Valley Forge Casino.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If the Park was a real destination, why not extend the line to the park
itself?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Still, I guess it sounds better to
invoke history than to admit you are actually just making it easier for more
people to come from farther away to throw away their money.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black;">What the project does seem to offer is
better transportation for those that use public transit, i.e., working people,
and that is certainly a positive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>King
of Prussia offers a great many jobs, but is almost inaccessible for anyone
without a car.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black;">Still, despite all the claims about the
huge number of riders that will use the trains (ridership on the High Speed
Line is expected to increase by between 61% and 81%), don’t count on traffic in
King of Prussia getting any better.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
project won’t make an appreciable difference during the already-known bad times
of the day (or year).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black;">So commerce in the King of Prussia area
will definitely benefit, as will some of the people that work there, but what about the eastern
end, i.e., Bridgeport?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">From the perspective of distance, it is difficult to see how the project
can be of anything but help to Bridgeport, although how much is uncertain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once completed, a look at the map would show
the Borough at the nexus of a transportation network that connects the Borough
to a significant portion of the Delaware valley.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, the perspective given to distance
simultaneously erases knowledge the details, and it is in the details where the
devil resides, is it not? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We must also remember that Bridgeport is already connected to the vast
majority of this network, and has been for over one hundred years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Clearly, its positive impact has been
limited.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Will what is only a short
extension to the west improve things for Bridgeport, or will it just add more
areas to those just travelling through Bridgeport can reach?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And here’s a heretical thought for you: could
Norristown’s Lafayette Street Project actually be more beneficial to Bridgeport
than King of Prussia Rail?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Time will
tell.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black;">As for Norristown, the King of Prussia
Rail Project should provide the final piece of evidence about where and what is
planned for development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s not Main
Street, it’s the Lafayette Street/Schuylkill River corridor, with the Regional
Transportation Center as its centerpiece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Transit connections—Regional Rail, High Speed Line, King of Prussia
Rail, buses and bicycles—are what hopes are based on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are encouraging more people to pass
through, in the hopes that some will like what they see and move nearby.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black;">I actually like this approach, but only
one thing about the rail project’s effect on Norristown is clear to me at this
point.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once the King of Prussia Rail
Project is completed, people who live north of the Schuylkill River should no
longer drive their cars to King of Prussia in order to do their Christmas
shopping there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Drive to the Norristown
Transportation Center instead, park your car and take the train.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has two stops at the Mall, and even if
your destination store is some distance from either one, is that really longer
than you would have to walk if you parked, assuming you could find a parking
space at all?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt;">Amidst all this vagueness, a</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
word of warning: the King of Prussia Rail Project will ultimately depend on
Federal money to finance actual construction.
The project, long planned under a more beneficent Federal approach
toward rails, was estimated to cost just over $1 billion dollars at this point,
and by the time all the required steps are taken, you can expect the total to rise. Whether we ever see anything more than
beautiful “artist’s conceptions,” of the King of Prussia Rail Project will
depend on the attitude taken by future Federal administrations. That renders its near future rather more
questionable, although the recent spate of media articles about the project
tend to ignore this point. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stay tuned.<span style="background: white; color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</style>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-3211206149128176282018-01-05T08:58:00.000-08:002018-01-06T12:21:34.829-08:00From Alabama to Norristown, Pa., It’s Called “Parochialism”<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I’m going to begin the new year with an
old subject, which reared its ugly head again last month, in a minor Facebook
kerfluffle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The p</span>osting an article about the
progress of Norristown’s Lafayette Street Project initiated the
discussion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I support the project, and
have made that clear in previous posts [3/11/16, 4/8/16, 1/6/17].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I replied to some people who were disparaging
it, and things took off from there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
thought we would be discussing the merits—or lack of them—of the project, but I
was wrong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It turns out they weren’t
objecting to my position, but my right to have an opinion in the first
place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I don’t live in Norristown, you
see, so why should anyone listen to what I have to say?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I identified this “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">we don’t need
no outsiders telling us what to do</i>” feeling as “parochialism,” and warned
against it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Further comments typical of
Facebook discussions followed, but one correspondent—to his great credit—elevated
the discussion by addressing my application of “parochialism” to the
situation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Taking me on directly, he argued
that: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "inherit" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">"Parochialism "
isnt always a bad thing. It's a perfectly normal human response , best
crystallized in the family unit It creates a defense against wolves, effetes,
and self serving charlatans.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3051366378502005375#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span></span><span style="background: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: "inherit" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> After 43 years in Norristown I think a
return to rugged parochialism, exemplified by some of [name removed] and [name
removed]'s comments, may be the only thing left to save it.”</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While I certainly agree that the family unit possesses internal defenses
against predatory outsiders, I’ve never heard that described as “parochialism.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, I’m a “language Nazi,” because I
believe that both the proper words and proper grammar should be used in verbal
or written conversation (It’s an old-fashioned belief, I know, but that’s
because I’m old), so I have to take issue with this application of the word.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When I called the automatic rejection of an opinion because the author
doesn’t live in your community “parochialism,” I was employing the definition
Oxford Dictionaries offers: “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">a limited or
narrow outlook, especially focused on a local area; narrow-mindedness.</i>”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If that makes me an “effete,” then let me
also offer that I like the Wikipedia version: </span><b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 10.5pt;">"Parochialism</span></b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> is
the state of mind, whereby one focuses on small sections of an issue rather
than considering its wider context."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Parochialism is not an ideology, or even a belief. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s an instinct, hard-wired into the
non-rational depths of the human brain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
brilliant Yuval Noah Harari, in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sapiens</i>,
identifies both the source and the nature of “parochialism”:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Evolution
has made Homo Sapiens, like other social mammals, a xenophobic creature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sapiens instinctively divide humanity into
two parts, ‘we’ and ‘they’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are
people like you and me, who share our language, religion and customs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are all responsible for each other, but
not responsible for them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are always
distinct from them, and owe them nothing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We don’t want to see any of them in our territory, and we don’t care an
iota about what happens in their territory.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I have several problems with parochialism, and one of them follows from
the fact that it is, as Harari points out, an instinct, a legacy of our eons
spent in small bands of hunter-gatherers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In today’s interlocked and interdependent world, such ancient instincts
are almost always counterproductive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Appeals
to ancient instincts are not based on issues or positions, they are purely
tactics, intended to evoke a deep instinct to oppose something—or someone—for
no rational reason.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They abound, and
exist within every town, township, or other political entity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As I have a fresh and vivid opportunity to demonstrate just how
pernicious an appeal to parochialism can become, I’m going to use it: Alabama.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The recent election offered a fresh lesson in
how a basic human instinct can be perverted to buttress an ignoble cause.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the Moore campaign could not refute the
charges against him, they appealed to parochialism, decrying the opinions of
“outsiders.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They did so because appeals
to parochialism evoke a powerful instinct, and not just in the South.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Appeals to parochialism usually are
successful; the Moore campaign failed only because of the heinousness of the
issue they were trying to obfuscate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Trump was considerably more successful.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now please don’t confuse things by saying that I am “comparing Norristown
to Alabama.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m not; I’m talking about
parochialism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alabama and Norristown
possess toolkits that are miles apart, but parochialism is the same tool, and
is found in both.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s because parochialism
can have a continuum of possibilities; Alabama is just one on the extreme end
of the continuum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Besides, condemnations of everyone in any political entity are
unjustified.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alabama just demonstrated
that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Norristown can too, and must.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The resources Norristown possesses are not,
by themselves, sufficient to make headway in a world that has changed so much
since the glory days of the Schuylkill River towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Take a look at a local map and you will see what I mean.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Southeastern Pennsylvania possesses one of the
most extensive and interlocking systems of limited-access highways in the
United States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Norristown appears to sit
right in the middle, accessible from everywhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact it is accessible from nowhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has no connection to any of these
highways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Did you know that was
deliberate?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the early 1950s, when the
Turnpike was first making its way eastward, PennDOT planned an interchange at
the east end of town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Virtually everyone
in Norristown opposed this, even sending delegations to Harrisburg to fight
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Norristown was doing just fine by
itself, connecting to outsiders would only ruin downtown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>PENNDoT listened, and the Interchange was
moved to its present location well east of town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a result, for the last sixty years,
everyone taking the “Norristown Exit” has discovered it doesn’t lead to
Norristown.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nothing else does either, and downtown is long dead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Lafayette Street Project thus offers
Norristown what it has been missing for decades, a connection that makes
Norristown accessible to outsiders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That’s a lesson from history, when Norristown felt itself strong enough
to prosper by itself, without any connection to outsiders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Norristown was wrong, and the results are
obvious.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Parochialism helped to destroy Norristown’s prosperity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m not exactly sure what my correspondent meant
by “rugged parochialism,” as I have never seen those two words linked
before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’s onto something however,
because Norristown’s decades-long period demonstrating the negative results of
parochialism has been rugged indeed.</span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
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<!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">So
put your focus on the Lafayette Street project, where it belongs, and put aside
irrelevant distractions offered by the habitual nay-sayers. What does it offer? What are its downsides? Can it become part of and contribute to a
broader program for Norristown revival? These
are the questions that should matter, the important ones. Then continue to apply that approach to other
issues. Reject parochialism.</span><!--EndFragment-->
</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3051366378502005375#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Hm, you don’t suppose…?</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-68707510535150344922017-12-01T08:35:00.002-08:002017-12-01T08:35:27.873-08:00Wishing You A Happy "America First" Christmas!<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">I don't do
"political posts." I do, however, make my positions on certain
subjects clear, without regard for the political sensitivities of my readers,
because I address the history of these subjects, and the truth they possess,
which, despite the Internet, can still be determined through objective study.
But hey, it's the holiday season, so I'm going to structure my holiday
greetings according to the new national standard. Besides, I get to
address my running topic at the same time, so it's a win-win.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">This new America
First attitude has been a goldmine for all lovers of historical irony. </span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">I have spent the past year, with but a few
exceptions, addressing the issue of IMMIGRATION. This past year has been
a perfect illustration of why I named my blog “The More Things
Change…” I have had opportunities to point out some of the
disturbing similarities between anti-Hispanic immigrant attitudes today and
anti-Italian immigrant attitudes a century ago. I’ve also mentioned
my distress when I see people of obvious Italian, Irish, German, Polish (or
whatever) extraction using the same arguments against the newcomers as were
used against their own ancestors. I, who am without ethnicity, have
watched inter-ethnic infighting take over the question of immigration. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today, that’s what many people are actually
talking about. When they speak of immigrants, they mean "people who are different from us."</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">As a historian, I
am also saddened by this debasing of our appreciation of the immigrant
experience in general. Our ancestors from northern and western
Europe were fleeing oppression and violence, seeking freedom and a new
life. When the Irish, the Germans and then the Italians began to
arrive, problems resulted. Eventually, most of these later
immigrants came to be considered as “Americans,” which meant—somewhat <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">post facto</i>--that their ancestors also
came here for freedom and a new life. Today, the descendants of this
flood of immigrants denigrate the herculean efforts made to come to America,
claiming that these new immigrants are only coming here for “free stuff.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">The third component
of this Terrible Trifecta is the fact that so-called “Christians” are
spearheading the America First movement. I find considerable conflict
between Scripture and America First, but it seems that those holding power in
Washington do not.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">Christianity's
holiest season is upon us, so it seemed only fitting that I employ
Christmas to address the immigration issue in my December post. I decided
to get with the program and try to envision what a celebration of the birth of
Christ that is in keeping with the America First approach might look like.
Of course, I went on the Internet and found that someone already had. I
saw the image below at least third-hand, and cannot credit its creator, sorry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">So here's to those
of you who celebrate your immigrant history while simultaneously denying the
ability of others to earn what is yours by birthright; you who employ THE VERY
SAME arguments against newcomers that were used against your ancestors; those
who see immigrants as rejecting our values, speaking strange languages,
believing in false religions, determined to steal jobs from Americans, and in
general "foreign." You are proving that "The more things
change..." and thus validating the existence of this blog.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-551370084019371412017-11-03T04:30:00.000-07:002017-11-03T04:30:05.679-07:00Does Opposing Columbus Day Mean Erasing Local History?<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It’s time to return to my series on immigration,
and spending Columbus Day last month in San Francisco provided an interesting
prism through which to view the conflicting images of Christopher Columbus that
co-exist in the U.S. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I followed the
ceremonies at Norristown’s newly-refurbished Columbus Monument as well;
together, these two celebrations say a great deal about contesting ideals in
American society, but nothing about Columbus himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the end of this post, I’m going to ask a few questions of my readers who live </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">in the towns along
the lower Schuylkill (and, of course, anyone else who wishes to comment), about
my take on this subject.</span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I began my series on immigration by focusing
on Italians, and then was moved to discuss the image of Columbus among
Italian-Americans by my friend Hank Cisco, himself a long-time activist for
Italians in his home, Norristown, Pa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
sent me a group email</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> with a link to an article in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Italian American Herald.com</i>, that asked
the question “Columbus Being Pushed out of the Picture in America?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This opened a door—an ethnic one—through
which I had not before passed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My post
of 5/5/17 was a response.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I confessed my
inability to see anything through an ethnic lens, and the fact that I, along
with most of my generation, was taught to view Columbus as the vanguard of
Europe’s “civilizing” efforts in the Western Hemisphere, not as an Italian
here, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">per se.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had seriously underestimated the
significance of Columbus to Italian-Americans specifically.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Norristown’s Columbus
Day Celebration appears—based on local media coverage—to have focused on the
Italian aspect of the legacy of Columbus, as it has from the beginning. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>State Representative Kate Harper was quoted as
saying, “</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In 1937 President Franklin Roosevelt proclaimed Columbus Day as
a national holiday and today we credit Christopher Columbus with Italians’ immigration
to the New World and what is now Pennsylvania….Currently there are 17 million
Americans of Italian heritage in the United States and 1.4 Americans of Italian
heritage right here in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Italian Americans have
become one of the commonwealth’s most influential ethnic groups, with deep
roots in religion, politics, arts, science, law and economic and social
institutions.”</span></i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Given the strength of the Italian-American
presence in Pennsylvania, such a focus makes perfect sense. There are several chapters of the Knights of Columbus in the lower Schuylkill Valley, in Pottstown, Conshohocken and Phoenixville (which also serves Royersford and Spring City), not to mention those just outside the Schuylkill Valley itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But now let’s jump across almost the entire
country, to the west coast, on the Pacific Ocean, specifically the City of San
Francisco.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There, on a beautiful site
near the famous Coit Tower stands a thirty-foot tall statue of Columbus,
proudly gazing out over a bay of an ocean he never sailed on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The statue itself only dates back to 1957,
but San Francisco has hosted celebrations and a parade honoring Columbus since
1869.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Considering that Columbus never even set foot
on the east coast of the American continent, let alone the west coast, what is
a statue of him doing overlooking the west coast?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The answer to that is simple, and revealing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, it’s the very same reason that the
Columbus monument exists in Norristown, Pa.; just the specific names and dates
are different.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">American education
has long emphasized Columbus as the symbol of Western Civilization’s spreading
over the North American continent, but Italian Americans have been taking
concrete (and stone and steel) action to give his persona a direct contact with
city and town residents for quite some time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The inscription on the SF Columbus Monument reads, in part, “</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #3b3b3b;">presented to the
people of San Francisco by the Columbus Monument Committee, with grateful
acknowledgement to [</span></i><span style="color: #3b3b3b;">local donors<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">]</i>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Local donors in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania funded the 1992 monument
(a campaign directed by Hank Cisco), and its quarter-century restoration this
year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #3b3b3b;">The
construction of Norristown’s original Columbus Monument, in 1926, can symbolize
the others that date back to that period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>W</span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hen
Italians found themselves the focus of anti-foreigner hysteria during this
period, such statues were symbols of the fight against this
discrimination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #3b3b3b;">As historian Christopher J. Kauffman wrote, "<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Italian Americans grounded legitimacy in a
pluralistic society by focusing on the Genoese explorer as a central figure in
their sense of peoplehood.</i>"</span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the
process, their message also linked the Italian Christopher Columbus with the
“civilizing” history of the American continent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">They were successful; while the 1920s had seen
anti-Italian immigrant legislation passed by Congress, </span><span style="color: #333333;">in 1937, </span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">President Franklin
Roosevelt proclaimed Columbus Day a National Holiday.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #3b3b3b;">And the
process still continues, to this day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The town of Southington, Connecticut installed a statue of Columbus
(locally funded, but not by the government) on Columbus Day this past month.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But
things have also changed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1994, San
Francisco’s Columbus Day Parade had evolved into the Italian Heritage Parade, </span><span style="color: #444444; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">in an effort to </span><span style="color: #3b3b3b;">“celebrate
the contributions of Italian Americans and their heritage,” in the words of the
city’s Human Rights Commission</span><span style="color: #444444; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The City of San
Francisco still celebrates Columbus Day, but the School District does not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I suspect that’s because the young
Italian-Americans of San Francisco are far outnumbered by the descendants of
those who have little reason to revere Columbus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even the dedication of that Columbus statue
in Southington, Connecticut was met with protests this past October.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #444444; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Here’s the nub of the argument: does being anti-Columbus mean being
anti-Italian, even indirectly, because you desire to end the celebration of
Columbus Day?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I quoted the Italian
American Herald in my 5/5/17 post as saying,</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Part of preserving is protecting and slowly
there is erupting a movement to abolish Columbus Day, a holiday near and dear
to Italian Americans</i>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wasn’t sure
about this argument back then, and observed, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The statement’s phraseology demonstrates, but does not take into
account the uniquely bifurcated nature of Columbus Day...”</i><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What I do believe is that those opposing the
celebration of Columbus are doing so to protest the core message, the
“civilizing” of the Western Hemisphere by Europeans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fact that Columbus was Italian is
irrelevant; he could have been Greek for all they care.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet he was Italian (or, at least, from a portion of what would become "Italy" almost 400 years later), and celebrating him has
been a component of Italian-American culture for many decades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Christopher Columbus the explorer has
absolutely no connection to San Francisco, California, Southington Connecticut,
or Norristown, Pennsylvania, but Columbus the symbol of Italian pride has a
connection wherever communities of Italians have established themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes symbols are needed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So here’s my questions to my readers,
particularly those of Italian heritage. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Does
opposition to Columbus monuments constitute the erasure of local ethnic history?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can Columbus the Italian be divorced from
Columbus the symbol of European Colonization?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Can he be celebrated in some communities while being reviled in others?</span><br />
<span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #333333;">Everyone is invited to respond, of course, but I freely confess my desire for opinions from those with an ethnic
connection, because they are more likely to diverge from my own.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And for those of you who would like to ponder
a deeper question in all this, here’s one: As America slowly evolves into a
multi-racial society, what is the future, not just of Columbus Day, but of the
European arrival and takeover as a “civilizing mission” component of American
history?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-53377395095492703052017-10-06T07:52:00.001-07:002017-10-06T07:53:45.388-07:00A Bike Trail Was The Best Thing That Ever Happened to Port Indian<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Last month, I wrote in support of the Chester
Valley Trail’s being routed through Bridgeport, Pa., and across the Schuylkill
River to join the Schuylkill Valley Trail in Norristown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I termed the proposal “exciting,” and said it
“offers a great deal of potential.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
haven’t ridden a bicycle for a great many years, but I know that bike/walking
trails can deliver benefits to a community, and I know this from personal experience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every community’s experience differs, but I
will take this opportunity to relate how one community benefitted
enormously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I know because I was there
as it happened.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Just
upriver from Bridgeport, on the opposite bank of the Schuylkill River, lies the
community of Port Indian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I lived there
for thirty-six years, and I can state, without fear of contradiction, that the
adjacent bike trail is the best thing that ever happened to Port Indian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I don’t expect that to be replicated
elsewhere, and certainly not in Bridgeport, but if you’re looking for an actual
success story, the one I am about to tell is hard to beat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Port
Indian encompasses a stretch of land in West Norriton Township, bounded by the
Schuylkill River on one side and the old, elevated, Pennsylvania Railroad embankment
on the other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The name is an entirely
unofficial designation for those homes accessed by East and West Indian
Lane.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both roads predate township
regulations, and thus were never formally accepted by the Township.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That makes Port Indian a “private community,”
which basically means that the Township is not responsible for anything, from
streetlights to street paving.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A Civic
Association arranges these things, and must raise the money to pay for them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Every property in Port Indian has a riverfront;
all Port Indian residents live along—and, on occasion, in—the river
itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let me also testify to the
beauty and serenity life in Port Indian offers, before I move on to that “on
occasion, in” bit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
Schuylkill River often floods Port Indian; the only question is “how high?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The east end of East Indian Lane is high
enough to be safe, but all of West Indian and a portion of East Indian Lane lie
at a low level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This stretch, a solid
majority of the properties, floods frequently.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This fact has always made “how to get out quickly” important to each
resident.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
key to the problem is this: the only ingress/egress road to the low-lying areas
passes under a double-arched stone bridge, part of the railroad embankment. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One arch goes over Indian Creek and the other
over the access road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This presents two
problems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First, there is no clearance under
the arch for vehicles of any height.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This kept such vehicles as trash trucks from passing under the
bridge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had to exit the road, ford
Indian Creek, and then climb up the opposite bank.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And then repeat the process in reverse on the
way back, of course.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Much
more important however, is the fact that the access road below the arch is the
lowest point in the entire community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
other words, the only escape route for the vast majority of residents floods <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">first,</i></b>
before the rest of the road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
combination of difficult access/escape and periodic floods combined to make
Port Indian largely a “summer community.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is being polite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Township locals referred to it as “Dogpatch.”
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a long time, water-warped shacks
served by wells and outhouses were prevalent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But in the aftermath of Hurricane Agnes, a new generation of residents began
to live there year-round, and thus had to address the community’s physical
issues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Several improvements were made,
but the issue of ingress/egress remained unsolved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Then
came what was known back then as the “Philadelphia to Valley Forge Bikeway,” coming
up the Schuylkill River from Philadelphia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It utilized the old Pennsylvania track bed, ripping up rails, then
grading and asphalting a smooth path.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Its initial goal was Valley Forge, which meant it would use the
embankment that bordered our community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
project was initially met with hostility by every township through which it
passed and every community that lay anywhere near it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the bikepath neared Norristown, Port Indian
residents began to pay attention, as the path passes very close to many houses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some were opposed, citing dangers of
increased trespassing and theft, just as those downriver had.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But some of us, mindful that we actually had
no leverage at all, argued for a different approach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let’s welcome the bikeway, we said, and see
what we can get them to do for us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
made the initial approach, to John Wood of the County Planning Commission, and
was well-received.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were pleased—and
initially astonished—that a nearby community would actually welcome the bike
trail.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These
talks produced just what we needed: an elevated access/escape route for our
residents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you use the trail in this
area, you will notice that beginning at the large lot on one side of Indian
Creek and extending about one-third down West Indian Lane, the path is much
wider than normal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was done to
benefit Port Indian, to accommodate our vehicles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We received permission to utilize the bike
trail, including the narrower stretch further upriver, for flood
evacuation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We, in turn, built a new
approach ramp to the wider section, from what is relatively high ground.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, for the first time in its history,
residents of Port Indian don’t lose their escape route first.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that widened stretch of road is now used
by trash vehicles, which are now too large to even consider fording the creek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
buildings in Port Indian used to be water-sodden shacks; today, new residents hire
architects to design their homes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those
who have seen the process through have largely elevated their homes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Property values have risen a great deal (no
one is making waterfront properties these days), and Port Indian has become a
desired community to live in.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">To
be fair, I must admit that trespassing and theft has increased in the
community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What is now the Schuylkill
Valley Trail offers miscreants quick access and escape, no doubt about it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Measured against the gains, however, there is
no question that the bikepath is the best thing that ever happened to Port
Indian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
same is not going to be said of Bridgeport, because it can’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two situations are not analogous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Port Indian also knew what it stood to gain,
and kept focused on that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bridgeport
doesn’t know, and I don’t either.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
that’s the thing about opportunity; it tends to be vague and uncertain. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Given Bridgeport’s post-WWII history and
current condition, an opportunity to connect to an emerging and popular
transportation network should be seized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Find a way to do it. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-45903611120393282322017-09-01T07:52:00.002-07:002017-09-01T07:52:49.468-07:00The Chester Valley Trail Will Be Good For Bridgeport<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I’m suspending my blog series on Immigration
yet again, to discuss an exciting proposal that has been presented to one of my
eight subject towns, Bridgeport, Pennsylvania.The proposal offers a great deal
of potential, but it comes with a catch, a big one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The task is to find a way around this catch,
because the opportunity should not be wasted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I support the routing of the Chester
Valley Trail through Bridgeport to connect with the Schuylkill Valley Trail,
and encourage residents to view this not as a problem, but as an
opportunity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am not saying accept the
proposal as is, but find a way to get it done with as little damage as
possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will be worth it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">No, I don’t drive the bridge or DeKalb
Street anymore (although I used to, on a regular basis); this is an outsider’s
perspective, one that I believe can contribute to the discussion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My point is not about the present, but the
future, based on a study of the past. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What’s needed is a refocusing, from the
personal and the present to the community and the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The former sees largely loss, while the
latter offers opportunity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the key
to shifting focus from the present to the future can be found in the past.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">H</span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">istory
can help you gain this perspective, if you understand history as CHANGE, and
look for patterns rather than just memories.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Here the historical pattern to understand is
importance of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">access to and location along the dominant transportation networks of
the day</i></b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bridgeport, and the
other towns along the Lower Schuylkill River, once possessed both.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each river town was founded around the
intersection of the early roads and the Schuylkill River.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The 19<sup>th</sup> Century railroad network
nurtured the river towns, Bridgeport most definitely included, for a century
and a half, and underlay their development into true communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But that changed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The coming of the new post-WW II road network
bypassed these same towns, Bridgeport again included.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today, only the Conshohockens have a direct
connection to this network, and the consequences of that have literally
transformed both towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pottstown has
access (more or less), but its location along the road network tends to isolate
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Norristown is getting a connection,
and hopes are high.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And
Bridgeport?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well, Bridgeport has always
sort of benefitted from the prosperity of Norristown, and I am already on
record that Norristown’s chances for future prosperity largely derive on that
new connection to the road network, so maybe.</span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But if you're looking for a vehicle to haul Bridgeport out of the sloth of stagnation onto a faster track, don't bet on the automobile. The automobile played a crucial role in the destruction of old Bridgeport, and shows no sign of altering that role in the future.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The proposal before Bridgeport has nothing
to do with the automobile, or road networks at all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In that peculiar way of history, it
represents both the past and the future, based on CHANGE.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the routes of that old, long-abandoned
railroad network that nourished both Norristown and Bridgeport is now hosting a
new network, one still in development, whose potential cannot yet be guessed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They aren’t going to recreate the old
Bridgeport, but they will play a part in shaping the new. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The future, especially for old river
towns, doesn’t lie in the automobile, but in what is broadly called
“alternative transportation.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s
what this old/new network is all about (that and the current obsession with
fitness, of course).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that is just a
component of the larger question, i.e., how to get outsiders to learn about
Bridgeport/Norristown—and others—and see the opportunities they offer?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A network of trails offers at least a
partial answer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People have been
traveling through both Bridgeport and Norristown by automobile for some time
now, and not many have seen either as the town of opportunity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why don’t we add a different mix of people,
particularly when that mix is weighted toward exactly the type of people a
reviving town hopes to attract?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">One of those commenting on a Facebook post
about the proposal questioned how many people in Bridgeport will actually use
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He may well be right, particularly
in the immediate future, and he brings up the central point, the reason why you
want this trail to pass through Bridgeport.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It isn’t about local residents using it, but about “outsiders.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They’re the ones you want to attract to your
town, and a heavily-utilized bike connection can only help.</span><br />
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The outsiders who will use these trails have been given many names, from intensely supportive to rather derogatory, but as people, the vast majority have one thing in common: they possess "disposable income," as evidenced by their bikes and gear, which are pretty costly. These are exactly the people you want to come to Bridgeport, or at least be aware it exists. Awareness of the Borough if you are driving through on Monday through Friday is minimal, but passing through on a bicycle (not to mention walking) over the weekend will impart a whole new understanding of the trail's surroundings, the Borough of Bridgeport.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333;">But you don’t just want people passing
through on their way to someplace else, you want them to see something locally
and be attracted to it. </span><span style="color: #333333;"> </span><span style="color: #333333;">What is there
for them to see, be attracted to, and begin to think more about the area?</span><span style="color: #333333;"> </span><span style="color: #333333;">There are some small, specific answers to
that question, but the broad answer is obvious, if often overlooked: the
riverfronts of both towns.</span><span style="color: #333333;"> </span><span style="color: #333333;">Both
Norristown and Bridgeport possess unexploited riverfronts; proper development
can make them area attractions.</span><span style="color: #333333;"> </span><span style="color: #333333;">I thus
repeat my earlier thesis that Norristown’s—and Bridgeport’s—return to
prosperity will derive from their relationship to the Schuylkill River.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That means you must get outsiders to the
river, to experience its new beauty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cars
are only one method; important, to be sure, which is why I promote the
Lafayette Street Project’s potential.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Cars must be accommodated but accommodating them must not dominate the process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alternative Transportation—the
whole gamut—is a wave of the future, and one that both Norristown and
Bridgeport should ride.</span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bridgeport Borough Council favors the Chester Valley Trail project,
subject to some changes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> I commend Tim Briggs, State Representative, 149th District, for recognizing the Trail's potential and supporting it. </span></span><span style="color: #333333;">The necessary changes
can be made. Don't let a loss-focused myopia block the kind of creative thinking this proposal represents. A better future depends on it.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-26552049732501959392017-08-04T07:51:00.002-07:002017-08-04T07:51:52.968-07:00On PEOPLE AND SECURITY, Once Again<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This month, I am suspending my series
of posts on illegal immigration in order to respond to the recent wave of gun
violence in Norristown, Pa., my favorite town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Since January 1, there have been ten incidents where people have been
shot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This culminated in early July with
two fatal shootings over the span of four days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One victim was sixteen years old.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Amidst the community grief, Norristown Police Chief Mark Talbot has spoken the crucial truth that needs to be addressed:</span></span><br />
<i style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></i>
<i style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“I can guarantee,
unless you’re in a situation that’s a complete aberration like the D.C. sniper,
rarely do you get shot by somebody, (and) they don’t know your name, you don’t
know theirs, ….Let’s focus on the people who are using guns to commit violence,
those who choose not to talk about their relatives and friends who they know
are carrying guns. That’s the crowd that really needs the tough conversation.”</span></i></div>
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<!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">I
couldn’t agree more. That’s why I am
reprinting a slightly abridged copy of my post of October 16, 2015. It discusses what I consider to be the
central issue in this complex web of factors necessary to keep “peace on the
streets,” the relationship between the people and their police department:</span></span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span>
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<!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“….<i>A
municipality has two—and just two—real priorities, that are head, shoulders and
torso above everything else. This week I
write about the first, the most important one of all, and I will continue to
use Norristown as my example.</i></span><!--EndFragment-->
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<!--StartFragment--><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Let’s call that most important priority
“security.” Far and away a municipal
government’s most important task is to ensure that its citizens feel secure in
their homes and out in public. Thus,
there is no more important relationship within a municipality than that between
the people and those who provide their security, the police department. In case you haven’t noticed, that
relationship has been the subject of much disagreement (although little true
discussion) after some horrific events nationwide. I’m going to add a historical perspective
(surprise!) to the issue, because there is nothing new about it.</span></i><!--EndFragment-->
<br />
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<!--StartFragment--><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A long time ago, in a country far away, I was a
participant—at a very minor level—in an intense disagreement about the
relationship between people and security.
This was actually the biggest issue of the several extant in that place
at that time, although this was not fully appreciated. Simply put, the question was this: must you
bring security to the people, or do the people themselves bring security? We ended up trying the latter because we
could not accomplish the former. At the
very local—hamlet and village—level, the people were organized into part-time
soldiers and assigned to guard their own villages. Sounds logical, right? It didn’t work. They remained inside their vehicles during
the day and their compounds during the night, looking to themselves and pretty
much ignoring what was happening in the nearby villages they were supposed to
be guarding. An additional issue was
that they looked on the people as a source of revenue and extorted whatever
they could. So the people, left on their
own, cooperated with them during the day, but with the insurgents during the
night. Getting information was hard, and
that information was unreliable. “Don’t
snitch” is not an American invention.</span></i></i><br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></i></i>
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<!--StartFragment--><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">There is a parallel to the situation in our
nation’s urban areas today, and it is not terribly far-fetched. Many residents dwell in what we used to term
“contested” areas. That meant that the
other side’s influence was well established among the people. Now, residents fear the gangs and the bad
individuals, not guerrillas, but as it was then, have no particular love for
the authorities either. So, because the
bad guys live nearby, and can move about amongst them—and their families—people
keep their mouths shut, the police grow more frustrated and the downward spiral
continues. The more things change…</span></i><!--EndFragment-->
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<!--StartFragment--><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Today, we sort of encourage people to protect
themselves—through Town Watch, for example—but arming them is a very different
matter on this side of the Pacific. We
thus depend on the professionals, the full-timers. That’s a huge difference, but here’s where
the parallel comes in: our professionals today tend to do the same thing today
as our armed private citizens did over there back then. They live largely in their vehicles and their
stations, both day and night, which makes them strangers</span></i><!--EndFragment-->
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<!--StartFragment--><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">We all lament the demise of the “cop on the
beat,” and for good reason. I had the
privilege of touring Main Street, Norristown, Pa. with Hank Cisco, a former
police officer and current town “ambassador.”
He brought home to me just much interaction took place between the beat
cop and those on his beat, and how daily familiarity made cops much more
observant and aware of their surroundings.
He—and they—exemplified the opposite approach to what we see today. That daily, casual, friendly contact bred an
understanding and a trust, and that paid off in information offered by a
grateful citizenry.</span></i><!--EndFragment-->
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<!--StartFragment--><i><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Today, by contrast, the average resident in a
“contested” area mostly sees the police just cruising by, looking at him. They interact personally with a police
officer only when he (or she, now) gets out of their car and approaches
them. They are automatically suspicious
(“It increases my paranoia, like looking in the mirror and seeing a police
car”) and their attitude will depend largely on what the cop then pulls out,
from citation book to club to gun, but to them each represents only varying
degrees of bad. This is an unhealthy
relationship, and the tragic results of such unhealthy relationships have
played themselves out in many cities in recent months. </span></i><!--EndFragment--></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That’s why I am pleased to commend
Norristown Police Chief Mark Talbot for taking major steps to increase friendly
contact between his department and the local residents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His campaign has several facets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Norristown Police Department now has a
presence on social media, and it goes far beyond a Facebook page.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Department actively utilizes such popular
sites such as Facebook and Twitter, along with focused and relevant sites,
primarily </span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-field-code: " HYPERLINK \0022http\:\/\/nextdoor\.com\/\0022 \\t \0022_blank\0022 ";"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #5278ae; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Nextdoor.com</span></span></span> (which I have previously
praised).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cooperation between the
residents and the police using this secure site has enormous potential to
improve the community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s a huge
step forward, but social media cannot replace face-to-face contact, and Chief
Talbot emphasizes that also.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It can be
an event, such as “Coffee With A Cop,” held last June, but I particularly like
the full time policy he initiated of offering the police station and its
parking lot as safe zones to undertake transactions such as those on
Craigslist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The list goes on, and Chief
Talbot is only just beginning.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Let’s hope more such innovative ideas to
improve police/community relations make their appearance in Norristown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They will go a long way to building that
trust that true revival depends on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let’s
also hope other local police jurisdictions—urban ones in particular—also take
steps to reverse the decades-long decline in the relationship between people
and security.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If people feel secure in
their homes and out in the community, then all else can follow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If they don’t, then nothing positive can
follow.</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">”</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">I believe Chief Talbot is on the right track, and that this tragic run of events is an aberration in an otherwise upward course for Norristown. The r</span>ecent tragic events have only
strengthened my views expressed above.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</style>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-37072258965470074152017-07-07T07:43:00.002-07:002017-07-07T07:43:38.651-07:00Illegal Immigrants: Congress Created the Problem, and Then Made It Worse<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In last month’s post, I summed up the
source of our problem of illegal immigration:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>the combined effects of Congress terminating the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bracero</i> Program in 1964 and enacting the Immigration and
Nationality Act in 1965.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a result, I
wrote, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A large number of Mexicans, whose
life had been tending crops in the U.S., while technically living in Mexico,
faced a cruel dilemma.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their migratory
living had been eliminated, but Mexico had no work for them (which was largely
why they became migrant workers in the first place).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They could not legally immigrate to the U.S,
where there was work to sustain their families, as the 1965 Act and subsequent
restrictions had capped the legal residence options at much too low a
number.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The result was obvious, at least
in retrospect: a migration that had been circular and legal became one-way and
illegal</i>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let’s call that Unpleasant
Conclusion Number One.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So, here’s some evidence for Unpleasant Conclusion Number Two: Congress
made the problem worse by doing what it does best, playing politics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The story also contains a timely example of
how one’s efforts can produce exactly the opposite results from what one
intended.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After Congress had finished its terminating and enacting, legal and
organized migrant labor ceased to exist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The need for it, however, did not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As a result, the actual migration of people didn’t initially change,
only the “legal and organized” part.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
recent scholarly paper on the subject summed it up this way:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman";">In essence, in 1965 the United States shifted
from a de jure guestworker program based on the circulation of bracero migrants
to a de facto program based on the circulation of undocumented migrants</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">….</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman";">the
well-established migratory flow simply continued informally without
authorization.</span></i><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;">”*</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Migration kept taking place, largely because the migrants had no other
option.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We should also note that, in the
absence of legal organizations to facilitate their border crossings, illegal
organizations stepped in to fill the gap.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As all this merely continued a by-now well-established pattern, it
initially received little attention.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
that changed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By the late 1970s, the arrival of illegal Latinos began to be perceived
as a problem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the following decades,
the continued influx steadily became first a bigger problem, and then a
threat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Politicians and pundits
pronounced the situation bad, as our border came “under siege” and then worse,
because our nation faced “the Latino threat.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Congress responded, and proceeded to make things worse.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mind you, they did this by taking the obvious action, steadily increasing the money and personnel dedicated to stopping the illegal influx of
Latinos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From 1977 to 1995 the number of
Border Patrol agents increased by 250%, while the Agency’s budget rose by about
650%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The effort continued, and
continued to expand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may surprise
some of those on the Right to know that among some of those on the Left,
President Obama was known as “The Deporter-in-Chief.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">All of this was to little effect, however, a fact that the American
public had clearly perceived in advance of the 2016 election.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The numbers of Latin Americans residing in
the U.S. “without documentation” continued to rise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The numbers are, in fact, quite
unsettling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were an estimated
1.13 million undocumented Mexicans in the U.S. in 1980.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1990, that number had almost doubled, to
2.04 million, then more than doubled during the next decade, to 4.68 million by
2000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The total number (supposedly)
peaked at 7.03 million in 2008.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other
words, after 1980, the number of undocumented Mexicans not only continued to
rise, it demonstrated an increasing rate of increase, by decade.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So what happened?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why did the
problem not only continue, but also increase, despite drops in the number of
undocumented Mexicans entering the U.S.?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The simple answer is, of course, the story of Mexico’s continued
inability to absorb its growing population into its workforce compared to the
better economic conditions just north of the border.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They just kept coming. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they did so despite much greater law
enforcement aimed at preventing exactly that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The American public was even treated to amateur videos of how easy it
was to cross somewhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mind you, the
numbers of those caught and returned did rise, but to absolutely no net effect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On the face of it, this is evidence that throwing more money at the
problem did not solve it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Look a little
deeper and you find evidence that throwing more money via dramatically
increased law enforcement at this particular problem actually made it worse,
much worse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is evidence that
increased border security efforts amid the rising volume of political rhetoric
had the opposite effect of what was intended.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After the end of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bracero</i>
Program, Mexicans continued to enter and leave, much like before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But after 1980, the increasing public
pressure and legal enforcement efforts steadily ratched up the risk of being
caught <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">en route</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The result was, once again, what we should
have expected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Faced with steadily
greater risks (not to mention costs), many of those who had been migrants
decided that continued migration was just too dangerous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, they remained in the U.S., and did
what minorities suspicious of their government have always done: hunker down,
stay out of sight, and wait until conditions improve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In
other words, increased law enforcement failed to affect inflow, but instead
discouraged outflow.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">But
all of this reaction began some forty years ago, and we are long past the time
of talking about just farm workers. The
largest numbers of Latinos may live in the Southwest, but they have spread
throughout the country. Hispanics are
estimated to be about one third of the total population of Norristown, Pa., a
long way from Mexico. If we take the
lesson about “hunkering down,” we should probably add to that percentage. What to do about those who are “illegal” will
be decided in Washington, but the result will be felt in towns like Norristown
all across the nation. </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12pt;">We’ve done a great deal to
stop the flow, but failed miserably. </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12pt;">We live today with
the results of that failure dominating our politics.</span><!--EndFragment-->
<br />
<span style="background: white; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="background: white; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12pt;">*</span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 10pt;">Douglas S. Massey and Karen A. Pren, “Unintended
Consequences of US Immigration Policy: Explaining the Post-1965 Surge from Latin
America”</span><br />
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<br />
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-68095256740472340432017-06-02T08:08:00.002-07:002017-06-02T08:08:24.389-07:00Why Did So Many Hispanics Come to the U.S. Illegally Since 1965?<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It’s time to update things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have focused so far on the Italian end of
the “Hispanics are the new Italians” theme that I have been pursuing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have hardly mentioned Hispanics yet, for
the good and sufficient reason that they just didn’t figure into the national
discourse about immigration until rather recently.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they certainly do now, so here’s a brief
summary of when and why things started to change.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The 1920s immigration laws that I discussed in an earlier post placed quotas on how many
from where could legally enter the U.S., while effectively barring Asians and Africans
outright.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As evidence of just how little
Hispanics figured in the picture, the new laws placed no numerical limits at
all on immigration from Latin America or the Caribbean.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hispanics still weren’t of major concern when
the next major alteration to the U.S. immigration laws took place during the
1960s, but things would change in the decades that followed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Consider:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "calibri"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">In
1965, the estimated number of people from Latin America residing illegally in
the U.S. was near zero.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today there are
an estimated 11 million of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Together with the legal immigrants and the
children of both, Latin Americans now constitute almost 10% of the U.S.
population. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So what happened to bring so many here?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It’s not that complicated a story, but there have been many twists and
turns along the way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s also been over
fifty years now, and other factors have contributed during that period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m only going to write about how it all
began, and zero is a good place to start.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">To begin, we have to expose the reality behind the numbers in the
highlighted paragraph above, particularly that first “near zero.” Then we need
to discuss a classic example of what happens when Congress, despite all the good
intentions in the world, doesn’t do its homework.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Together, these two stories reveal the
beginning of the process that led to our current national fixation with “the immigration
problem.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The statistical zero for illegal immigrants in 1965 is deceptive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were actually a great many Mexicans living
in the U.S. before that date, depending on where in the country we are looking,
but most important on the time of year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
were encouraged to work in the U.S., but not allowed to stay permanently.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were migrant laborers, here legally courtesy
of the Bracero Program.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Bracero Program had originated during World War II in answer to the agricultural
labor shortage that military service had caused.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We grew a lot of food to feed our troops
overseas, and we needed people to grow and harvest these crops.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mexico, just south of us, had a large number
of unemployed or underemployed people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was a natural fit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It also wasn’t new. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Bracero
Program basically just legalized a migrant labor practice that had been in
place long before, if officially unacknowledged. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The program helped to provide the badly needed
agriculture labor, while ostensibly guaranteeing better working conditions for
the migrant laborers (plus pay of $.30 an hour!).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Bracero Program began in August 1942,
when our government and that of Mexico signed the Mexican Farm Labor Agreement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">braceros</i>
entered the country in September, just in time for the sugar beet harvest
season.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the war itself, not that
many <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">braceros </i>actually participated
in the program, but the labor market was so tight that they were important,
often important enough to require the payment of bribes to get a labor
contract.*<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As with many “wartime expedients,” the program not only survived, it was
greatly expanded after the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
highly profitable for growers, of course, ridding them of any real
responsibility for their workforce, as well as any number of people who carved
out a profitable niche in this mass circular movement. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">However, even if we assume that the Program delivered on its promise of
better living conditions, the life of a migrant worker was hard and degrading.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">It was also a dead end, condemning these men and
their families to a lifetime of transient peonage.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By the 1960s, blatant prejudice had gone out of fashion in most of
America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was the age of the Civil
Rights Movement and a host of other efforts aimed at ameliorating some of the
worst components of the American national psyche.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rather overlooked amidst its more publicized
activities, the U.S. Congress, for the very best of motives, took two actions,
one in 1964 and one the following year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>These two would interact to form a vise of most peculiar shape and
function, one that slowly forced increasing numbers of Mexicans—and others from
Latin America—into the U.S. illegally.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This phraseology means that, in the early decades at least, those
entering illegally did not so much make the choice as be forced into making it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The first of these actions was the 1964 termination of the Bracero
Program (over vociferous objections from Mexico, it should be noted).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Congress phased out the entire program by
1968.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The long-established legal
infrastructure that had provided the labor for our “economic miracle” of cultivating
the Southwest ceased to exist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
laborers were still needed, but now legal immigrant worker status was
required.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each had to enter legally,
then stay and work under existing programs for resident aliens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were several problems with that right
away, but one the biggest one didn’t appear until the following year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was the 1965 passage of the Immigration
and Nationality Act.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Immigration and Nationality Act is a lesser-known component of LBJ’s “Great Society.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It replaced the obviously racist 1920s
quotas, and attempted to establish a neutral immigration system that focused on
family reunification and labor needs. During the negotiations that led to this
Act, our border with Mexico was not a major focus of attention. Hispanic
immigration—legal or illegal—was a minor issue in 1965.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Act did, however, impose the first numerical
restrictions, capping the total immigrants allowed from the Western Hemisphere
at 120,000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Subsequent amendments
between 1978 and 1980 further lowered the allowed numbers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thus, to glowing reviews, the trap was set, and what should have been foreseen took place. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
large number of Mexicans, whose life had been tending crops in the U.S., while
technically living in Mexico, faced a cruel dilemma. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their migratory living had been eliminated,
but Mexico had no work for them (which was largely why they became migrant workers
in the first place).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They could not
legally immigrate to the U.S, where there was work to sustain their families, as
the 1965 Act and subsequent restrictions had capped the legal residence options
at much too low a number.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The result was
obvious, at least in retrospect: a migration that had been circular and legal became
one-way and illegal. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The 1965 Act
increased legal immigration from Latin America—up to the max, in fact—but in
combination with the end of the Bracero Program, the two managed to create an entirely
new problem, that of illegal immigration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the decades after the 1965 Act, illegal immigration mushroomed,
particularly from Latin America. Mexico was by far the most frequent country of
origin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By not paying attention to how capping
the number of legal immigrants allowed in the U.S. impacted their previous decision to
terminate the Bracero Program, the U.S. government laid the groundwork for the
illegal entry of millions of Latin Americans, with the resulting upsurge of
nativism and xenophobia in response.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Illegal immigration continued—and increased—in later decades, and the
reasons for that lie in the comparison of international economies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Still, everything needs a creator, and for
the problem of illegal immigration from Mexico, that was clearly the U.S.
government.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">*</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thank
you, Wikipedia!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-36612495372481613672017-05-05T06:28:00.000-07:002017-05-05T06:28:11.069-07:00Columbus Day and the Italian Heritage; Further in Debt to Hank Cisco<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Last October, I began a series of monthly
posts dealing with ethnicity and immigration, focusing as always on my subject
towns along Pennsylvania’s lower Schuylkill River.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I drew comparisons between attitudes toward
immigrants now—largely Hispanic—and similar views about Italians, their
predecessors as the most suspect immigrant minority in the U.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In February, I acknowledged that much of my
inspiration came from my mentor and friend, Hank Cisco, the Ambassador of
Norristown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hank is a proud
Italian-American, with a long record of support for efforts to commemorate
Norristown’s Italian heritage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This post is again inspired by Hank,
who sent a group email with a link to an article in the Italian American
Herald.com, entitled “Columbus Being Pushed out of the Picture in America?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This fits right in what what I have been
writing about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He asked for feedback,
and here is mine, late though it is.</span><br />
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keep in mind that what I have already written about ethnicity—and that’s
a sizeable, and growing, amount—and what I shall write, in this post and
forthcoming ones, derives from my perhaps unusual perspective.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As I have written before [6/26/15], I view
and comment on ethnicity from the position of an outsider.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I possess no ethnicity, for a combination of
circumstances, but my primary emotion from that is one of regret.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am sure this will lead to my thinking along
different lines for this subject.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Italian American Herald is dedicated to preserving the Italian
heritage in America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The essence of the
article’s argument is that, in its own words, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Part of preserving is protecting and slowly there is erupting a
movement to abolish Columbus Day, a holiday near and dear to Italian Americans</i>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The statement’s phraseology demonstrates, but does not take into account
the uniquely bifurcated nature of Columbus Day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I can think of no other federal holiday that has been celebrated for
such different reasons for so long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
is a federal holiday, and has been since 1937.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The public holiday has always celebrated the beginning of the European
cultural influence in the Western Hemisphere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Yet it is also very personal, “near and dear to Italian Americans,” who
celebrate it in their communities and organizations for the fact that Columbus
was Italian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The article itself links
the public and the personal view of Columbus, implying that opposition to
Columbus Day demeans Italian culture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">First, some background information about federal holidays.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To begin with, t</span><span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">he fact that a date is a
federal holiday does not actually mean a great deal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Technically, such recognition applies only to
federal employees and federal property.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The federal government is prohibited by the Constitution from requiring
any state to observe a federal holiday.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This leaves it up to the individual state to decide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For Italians, the ability to opt out is where
the problem comes in, because a few states have chosen not to celebrate the
event, or at least not as regards Columbus.</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon, South Dakota and Vermont do not observe Columbus Day, but for reasons that vary widely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>South Dakota and Vermont recognize “Native American
Day” and "Indigenous Peoples Day" as a direct alternative to Columbus Day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Alaska’s reasoning seems to be that the date falls too close to Alaska
Day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hawaii
cannot be said to have any meaningful connection to Columbus at all, so its recognition
of “Discovers Day” might be interpreted as being more inclusive than it seems.</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="s1">In addition, a few
municipalities have themselves abolished Columbus Day observances, following the lead of The Peoples Republic of Berkeley, California.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now to the nub of the argument:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Are
efforts to disestablish Columbus Day directly—or indirectly—an attack on
America’s Italian heritage? </span><span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Here is where my status as an outsider comes into play.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have always been aware of the public nature
of Columbus Day; in my upbringing, Columbus Day was for celebrating one’s
“Americanness,” and I can recall no emphasis at all on the Italian aspect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fact that the Spanish had an Italian show
them the way to the new world was just one of those interesting little factoids
of history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Columbus Day was all about
the civilizing mission of Europeans in the Western Hemisphere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Columbus was purely a symbol; his being
Italian had virtually nothing to do with it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The public message celebrating the spread of western civilization runs
closely parallel to the personal message that celebrates Columbus being Italian,
but there is separation between them, visible at least to this outsider.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Although I cannot feel it as an Italian would, I have learned of the
day’s importance to Italian Americans, and see the Columbus monument in
Norristown a prime example not only of the day’s significance to them, but to
that civilizing message itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They may
run in parallel, but there is a close connection between the two.<span class="s1"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The subject article says that “slowly
there is erupting a movement to abolish Columbus Day,” but just how threatened
is Columbus Day?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That clearly depends on
where in this large, diverse country of ours that you live.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The author recognizes this, and even seems to
find it understandable, when she says, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">No
wonder people are challenging Columbus Day and winning support to change it to
Indigenous Peoples Day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the American
Midwest and West, where the Italian populations are scarce and the American
Indian population is huge, Oregon and Minnesota’s Italian American population
is about 110,000 and others mentioned don’t reach 100,000.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The message I take from this is very
American: the people are the authority, and the more local the better.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That means the response to any attempt to
disestablish Columbus Day is going to vary quite a bit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Anadarko,
Oklahoma has abolished Columbus Day, but Norristown, Pennsylvania is not going
to.</span><span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Although I would not use the term
“erupting,” Columbus Day is clearly under pressure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But here’s the rub: in all of the actions,
proclamations, statements or whatever taken or made by any state or
municipality opposing Columbus Day, I have yet to see one—not even one—directed
against Italy, Italians, or Italian Americans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Columbus long ago became a symbol of Europe’s “civilizing” influence on
the Western Hemisphere, its public persona.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In 1892, decades before it became a federal holiday, much of the nation
celebrated his 400<sup>th</sup> anniversary with what Wikipedia calls
“patriotic rituals.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That process had
continued, but today we celebrate diversity, with organizations such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Italianamericanherald.com</i> among the
celebrants of diversity, Italian style.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">It turns out that celebrating diversity is
not a universal good for everyone, as Italians are discovering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Columbus is part of Italian heritage, and his
memory is employed to help sustain and nourish a distinct Italian American
ethnicity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But for anyone who identifies
with “indigenous peoples,” sustaining their ethnic history requires recognizing
the havoc wrought upon them by the new immigrant Europeans.*<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For them, Columbus is a symbol; not of Italy
or Italians, but of Europe, the civilization that raped and plundered the
Western Hemisphere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fact that he was
Italian is of no significance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Italy did
not even participate in the rape and plunder of the new world for the good and
sufficient reason that Italy did not yet exist.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="p3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="s1"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Unfortunately, while there may be no
offense intended by Native Americans, there definitely is offense taken by
Italian Americans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But is the
downgrading of Columbus in areas where Italians are massively outnumbered by
Native Americans a symptom of the downgrading of Italian-American history?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps only someone such as I, utterly
lacking in ethnicity, would even ask such a question, but I do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would like to hear some thoughts on this
from you, my readers, and in particular would enjoy your thoughts on my
public/private distinction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How valid is
it?</span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I will conclude with the one point in the article with which I
wholeheartedly agree: “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Educating all
generations is vital to Italian Americans sustaining their heritage, culture
and traditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Honor the roots of our
Italian ancestors who forged onto a new land and were once the unwelcome
immigrant.”</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Regardless of the fate of Columbus Day in areas with little
Italian American population, those parts of America that do possess such peoples
should follow the advice quoted above.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
has been the central point of all my writing in this series on ethnicity that
has focused on Italian Americans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
were indeed the unwelcome immigrants, once. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">*</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 10.0pt;">They have a point. Within two
generations after the arrival of Columbus, the native population of the Western
Hemisphere had dropped by at least 90%, largely due to European diseases. Most of those who remained alive, or their
descendants, were subsequently either killed or enslaved.</span><!--EndFragment-->
<br />
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br /></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-36994637895242146612017-04-07T07:55:00.002-07:002017-04-07T07:55:46.675-07:00Maintaining A Sense of Community: A Very Big Job For This Very Small Town<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Last month, I wrote about the very
small town (current population, some 1300 people) of West Conshohocken, Pa.,
which is literally besieged by vehicle traffic, due to hosting an intersection
of interstate highways within its already tiny boundaries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The feeder roads and ramps to the interchange
have not only taken land that used to be houses and playgrounds, they have
divided what remains into small, isolated pockets. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I saw in this scenario a chance to inquire
whether a sense of community—once a prominent characteristic of West
Conshohocken, as of its sister towns on Pennsylvania’s lower Schuylkill
River—can survive under such an assault.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I concluded the post with an appeal to the residents of West
Conshohocken to send me comments on the current state of their community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I promised to write a post about the opinions
I would receive, and this is it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But first, a reality check.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If we
are going to discuss a town’s sense of community today, we must first understand
and appreciate just how difficult a task our towns face, through no fault of
their own, even those not subjected to anything close to what has happened to
West Conshohocken.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The simple fact of
life today is that the deck is stacked against towns trying to retain their long-time
sense of community, and the smaller the town, the higher the stack.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It didn’t use to be that way; in fact, it used to be exactly the
opposite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every town on the lower
Schuylkill River, including West Conshohocken, came into being when the technology
of the times almost mandated not just the creation of a town, but of closely
integrated and tightly-packed towns. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each
town, regardless of size or specific geography contained within it—because it
had to—almost everything people needed: workplaces, shopping, houses of worship
and sources of entertainment, all usually within walking distance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You got to know your neighbors, because you
worked with them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wives shopped together
at just a few stores, so the proprietors got to know people as
individuals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You didn’t see everybody at
worship, but you saw those who were most like you, due to the town’s ethnic
churches.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As regards the (scarce)
leisure time available for entertainment, the world of these towns may have
been limited, but local theatres brought the outside world to a town’s residents,
first by hosting many of the day’s touring entertainment options, and later
through films.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When people lived, worked, shopped, worshiped and relaxed, all within
the same town, they felt a strong sense of responsibility toward the community
they had created.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus each town,
knowing that for anything short of a major disaster it was largely on its own, created
its own community protection, with a professional police force and one or more
volunteer fire companies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fire
companies, in turn, did a great deal more than just fight fires; they became,
together with the ethnic churches, the core social organizations of each
town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These community protectors were
also staffed by community residents, further cementing the bond to one’s town.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This idyllic picture is a huge generalization, of course, and one
important point it disguises is important here:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>the smaller the town, the fewer people there were to staff the fewer
industries, patronize the fewer local shops, worship at the fewer ethnic
churches and so on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was, and still
is, relevant for West Conshohocken.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But whether in large towns or small, that was then; this is now, and things have changed, by
pretty much 180 degrees.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today, in
virtually every aspect of daily life—work, shopping, worship and
entertainment—the cultural incentive is to look outward, away from where you
actually live.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What percentage of a
town’s residents actually work in the same town?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You do not see your neighbors at work like
you used to, and that has weakened communities everywhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And shopping?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If you live in one of my subject Schuylkill River towns, I’ll bet you
don’t do much shopping there (except, of course, if you are seeking trendy
things on Bridge Street in Phoenixville).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I’ll spare you a rendition of what has happened to the ethnic churches along
the lower Schuylkill River, but nothing is sadder, more damaging to the sense
of community, than the closing of such a church, and even West Conshohocken has
been affected. Last, but by no means least, tectonic change in communications
have rendered entertainment into something you almost can’t find in town
anymore, particularly a small one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s
so readily available in every home, why go outside?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are still big events, of course, and
they aren’t held in the river communities any more (except maybe Phoenixville,
again).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These changes have made it much more difficult for a smaller town than
for a larger one to create and sustain a sense of community feeling, and West
Conshohocken has suffered from them all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then, of course, there has been the interchange.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is a physical divider, separating an
already small town into even smaller, and largely isolated, segments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So that’s how this outsider views West Conshohocken, beset by far more
than the usual impediments to community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That’s why I asked for responses from West Conshohocken residents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A summary of them follows, but first, let me
make it clear that the number of responses does not allow me to make a claim
that any one of them is representative of the community as a whole.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Second, people with a grievance are more
likely to air it than those who lack such a stimulation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This hold true under almost every scenario,
and the current status of West Conshohocken is no exception.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With those caveats in mind, here are some generalizations I derive from listening
to those who actually live within the community.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">First, the vast majority of the replies by residents spoke not of the
West Conshohocken community today, but that of their childhoods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I suspect, from their phraseology, that this
is a silent statement about the way things are today, but it is also evidence
that the town’s smallness helped to sustain a close sense of community, despite
the many other drawbacks. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Community is
all about personal relationships, and West Conshohocken residents were profuse
in their memories of them. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As one
resident put it, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">West Conshy was the
best place to grow up; everyone knew each other or if they didn’t they knew
some in your family</i>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
apparently applied to an earlier Police Chief, of whom it was said, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“…he didn’t need to chase anyone, he knew
all of our parents</i>.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Whether the memories are silent statements or not, those that addressed
the question of community today were close to unanimous in their opinion, and
it wasn’t favorable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most who claimed to
have lived there all their lives echoed the words of one who said, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">it has changed, not for the better</i>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">it
would be nice to have a few things again other than buildings and houses</i>,”
said another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A life-long resident who
lives “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">across the street from the blue
route off ramp</i>” has it particularly bad, suffering from noise and vibration
as “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the trucks go by all hours [of the]
day and night</i>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One statement in
particular seemed to sum things up, striking an obvious chord in me: “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">This isn’t West Conshohocken anymore, it’s
just a place people need to travel [through] to get where they’re going</i>.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But one response served to add some needed balance to the picture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It came from a member of Borough Council
who—significantly—is not a life-long resident.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The intersection drew him to West Conshohocken, as it does for others,
because it provides “immediate and direct access” to the major destinations in
the region.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fact that someone of relatively
short residence can be elected to such a neighborhood position also reflects
the ongoing change within the Borough.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
is living testimony to his claim that, “There is an on-going balance being
struck between residents whose families have lived here for generations and
newer residents.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the most promising
part of his response—for me, at least—was his use of the phrase
“on-going.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Adjustments to change often
take longer than the change itself, and square in the face of such enormous obstacles,
West Conshohocken continues the fight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The end result is still uncertain, but I believe the Councilman is
correct when he claims, “there is still a lot of fight in us.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">They
are going to need it.</span><!--EndFragment-->
</div>
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</style>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-48827087648318519002017-03-03T07:57:00.002-08:002017-03-03T07:57:40.450-08:00It’s the Size of the Fight in the Dog That Matters, Remember? <div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“It’s
not the size of the dog in the fight that matters, it’s the size of the fight
in the dog,.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span>(overused
cliché of unknown origin)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It’s time for a change of subject.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I write about national issues, using the
eight towns on Pa.’s lower Schuylkill River as my specific subjects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My general issue of late has been diversity,
with the focus on immigrants to the Schuylkill Valley, then and now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That has meant that I focus on the largest
and most diverse among my subject towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But this month I am going to take a look at a town that is not only the
smallest, but also the least diverse of the eight, West Conshohocken.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">West Conshohocken deserves more appreciation than it gets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every one of the eight towns has suffered the
slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, particularly after a brief post-WW II
prosperity, but West Conshohocken has suffered well out of proportion to its
relative size. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Circumstances of birth
and location have always worked against it, but its residents still managed to
create a vibrant, if miniscule, community, built around the traditional anchors,
its ethnic churches and volunteer fire company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The debacle that spanned the sixties, seventies and the early eighties left little
of what used to be, but the community survived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then, in yet another blow, this one quite literally to the body, it was
West Conshohocken’s fate to host the instrument of regional renewal, the
interchange(s) of Interstates 76 and 476.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The result, if measured solely in property values, has been
spectacular.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I, as an outsider, can see
that quite readily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I, as a professional
attempting to add historical understanding to the toolbox of those seeking
community revival upriver, have to also ask about the cost to the community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It think it’s an important question, with
relevance to those upriver also.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s
also a question that can only be answered by the community’s residents.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Numbers have always worked against West Conshohocken, because it has
always possessed the smaller—or later—ones compared to anyone else.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the last borough birthed on the lower
Schuylkill, in 1874.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a healthy
baby at first, with the second largest initial population of the eight
towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was doomed, however to be the
runt of the litter, due to circumstances of timing and location.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The timing problem was its late delivery, and
its location problem was that it was just across the Schuylkill River from
Conshohocken. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The 1880 Census listed the
brand-new borough of West Conshohocken as housing 1,462 residents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By that date, however, Conshohocken had
already been a borough for twenty-four years, and possessed a population of
4,561.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Conshohocken’s close proximity had a lot to do with its much smaller
neighbor remaining so small.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The larger
borough’s established and large commercial sector just across the river has
always had a dampening effect on commerce in West Conshohocken, particularly
after the Matsonford Bridge was “freed.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">West Conshohocken illustrates perhaps the best of any lower Schuylkill River town how first survival and then growth depended on how it managed a dichotomy
that required combining two extremes: distance and closeness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Distance, or rather the difficulty of
achieving it, founded both Conshohockens, as it did every other river town, in
this case via Matson’s Ford.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Schuylkill at that time as a considerable barrier, and points at which it could
be crossed in relative safety became well known.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Each of the Schuylkill River towns began as one half of a river
crossing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those enterprising enough to
locate themselves at such crossings were the first businesses, and
employers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Travel over distances thus
brought each river crossing into being, and sustained its early growth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As a result, the commercial offerings of every such emerging town were
for a considerable time focused more on those who passed through than those who
lived there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That began to change when a
new way to conquer distance entered the Schuylkill Valley: the railroad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In not too long a time, traffic along the
river, using its floodplain, began to exceed that crossing the river at those
special points.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This easier, quicker and
cheaper access to distances brought industry to the river towns, and then the immigrants
to work in the mills and factories.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
is where closeness enters the picture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Connections to distance built the towns, but the need for closeness
determined how they were built.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
physical appearance of West Conshohocken, as well as its sisters along the
lower Schuylkill, is due to the fact that the overwhelming percentage of its
occupants had to walk from home to work and back again during the week.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They then had to repeat the process to and
from another location on Sunday, plus similar small journeys to obtain life’s
necessities in the era before refrigeration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Work, housing, worship, shopping, everything was built in close
proximity to everything else, because it had to be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>West Conshohocken followed the pattern, in
smaller numbers and amidst some of the more challenging terrain of any river
town, and packed in what it could as closely as it could.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Each river town managed this balance of extremes during the eras of the
horse and wagon and the railroad, but were mortally challenged by the
automobile and the truck. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The death of
the railroads severed the close connections of each town to the wider world,
while the automobile and the truck required a great deal more space within each
borough to accommodate them than had the railroad. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was too little room for the expansion of
streets—and the creation of parking lots—that the automobile required, and the
result devastated the borough shopping areas. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If West Conshohocken lost less in raw numbers
than any other river town during this period, that was because it had the least
to lose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The automobile revolution would fundamentally change every town, and for
the worse, but none would suffer worse than West Conshohocken, whose curious
fate it was to suffer along with the others during a long period of decline,
then physically host the instrument of regional revival, that quintessential
symbol of late 20<sup>th</sup> Century America, the Interstate Highway Interchange.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For West Conshohocken, that meant, on
balance, more suffering.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The blows came in two stages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>First, an exit off the brand-new Schuylkill Expressway was planted on
its soil. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Adding insult to injury, it
even became known as “the Conshohocken exit.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But the big one was the second, which arrived with the construction of what began as the “Blue Route,” first appeared as the “Mid-County Expressway,” and
was completed as Interstate Route #476.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The 1980 publication of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Montgomery
County, The Second Hundred Years</i> caught the process at mid-point, and the
chapter on West Conshohocken contains this revealing quote:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“[West Conshohocken]
has no sewers, no doctor, no lawyer, and no pharmacist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although the borough has been devastated by
the coming of the Schuylkill Expressway and the Blue Route—it lost commercial
enterprises, 125 houses and the taxes they paid—the residents seem content in
their small, friendly community</i>.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As the opening
and closing sentences point out, West Conshohocken never possessed several of
the usual standard features of urban life before the Second World War, but
managed establish a true community nonetheless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But make no mistake about it; the new superhighways did indeed devastate
West Conshohocken.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The physical
devastation is the most obvious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In all,
as much as 25% of West Conshohocken residences may have been sacrificed to the
superhighways, according to my friend Jack Coll, Conshohocken historian <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">par excellence</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">West Conshohocken paid an additional penalty, as the land lost to
straightened roads and widened streets quickly filled with automobiles and
trucks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These vehicles represent the
prosperity that the Interchange has brought to the region, but expediting their
movement through town, at the expense of anyone who might think of walking
anywhere, has become the necessary policy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>These roads—and the flood of vehicles on them—have sundered West
Conshohocken into what to this only periodic visitor seems like isolated
sections.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Walking within the Borough of
West Conshohocken requires following an indirect route, crossing the roads only
at a few specified points, in the brief period in which pedestrians are
allowed, and even then often weaving between cars blocking the walkway. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So here we have a town, always small, but which today houses fewer
people than it did when it first appeared, almost 150 years ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Some of the picturesque old buildings remain, but the Borough has no
old downtown, because it never had one at all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Interstates have brought prosperity to both Conshohockens, but the
smaller borough has paid by far the greater price. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cumulative effect has been to render what
had once been a small but vibrant (and all the more closer-knit due to its
size) community into a regional traffic bottleneck cut into sections by wide roads, a place
where few live but through which a great many pass on a daily basis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These things are easily visible to outsiders like myself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the answer to the effect of all this
prosperity on the<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">community</b></i> of West Conshohocken can only be determined by hearing the views of those people who actually comprise that community, those
who live there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>I follow the Facebook
pages devoted to West Conshohocken, and am quite willing to believe that there
is a lot of fight left in this little dog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That’s why I conclude this post with an appeal to the residents of West
Conshohocken to read this post and send me comments on the current state of their
community. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ll follow up this post next
month with one on the results of my request.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I also post a link in broadly urban-oriented Facebook pages, and believe that
the experience of this tiny community in the face of such tectonic forces will
find an audience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">I look forward to hearing your thoughts.</span></div>
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</style>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-85910045051317572192017-02-03T07:58:00.000-08:002017-02-03T07:58:12.765-08:00Italians Then, Hispanics Now: Perception Vs. Reality, Yet Again?<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In my First Friday post in October of
last year, I published the first of a series about ethnicity and immigration,
focusing as always on my subject towns along Pennsylvania’s lower Schuylkill
River.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Much of the inspiration for this
came from my friend Hank Cisco, the Ambassador of Norristown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is a man with an amazing memory, and among
the many memories he related to me were those of the suffering and
discrimination Italians faced in Norristown, Pa. in the early years of this
century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this, Norristown was hardly
unique; in fact it demonstrated yet again why the town, its people and its
history, are so very evocative of American history in general.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Just recently, Hank inspired me again, with a Facebook post on his
timeline.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It contains a meme with a photo
of Italian immigrants waving small American flags, and the following text:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "calibri"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "calibri"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">“Legal Italian immigrants didn’t wave
Italian flags coming into America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
didn’t riot and try to stop the election process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They didn’t try to make America speak
Italian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They learned English.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The comments on this post contained several references to immigrant
ancestors, and how hard they worked to earn a place in the American Dream.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both Hank and his commentators speak for the way things actually were.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Italian immigrants—not to mention others, including Jews from many
countries—lived honest, hard-working and law-abiding lives. These people did
arrive, go to work—at whatever was offered—and quietly build lives for
themselves and their children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was
the reality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But as I pointed out in my first post, the public perception of Italians
was something quite different from the day-to-day reality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As early as 1891, before there actually very
many Italians in America, eleven of them were lynched in New Orleans, by a mob
that included several local prominent citizens, because they believed these
strangers had murdered the Police Chief.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The lynching took place the day after a trial had acquitted them,
because the mob believed the jury had been bought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And this was early in the story.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the 1920s, as I quoted popular author Bill
Bryson, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wherever problems arose,
Italians seemed to be at the heart of things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The widespread perception of Italians was that if they weren’t Fascists
or Bolsheviks, they were anarchists or Communists, and if they weren’t those,
they were involved in organized crime</i>.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In other words, in the early decades of the 20<sup>th</sup> century,
there was a substantial gap between the perception of Italians and the far more
mundane reality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But many years have passed,
and Italians have now entered the American body politic in both reality and
perception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That perception is now more congruent
with reality, recognizing that excepting the bad element that exists within
every such group, the vast majority of Italian immigrants—and the others—lived
just as Hank and the post’s contributors pointed out. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Why was there such a gap between the perception and the reality of
Italian immigrants to the U.S.?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is
always a gap between perception and reality, on pretty much any major
subject.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Still, claiming Italian
immigrants were either Fascists, Communists, Anarchists or criminals clearly
had no basis in reality. That is the truth that Hank and his respondents make
clear in that Facebook post.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet, it was
what people believed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The answer to the question “why did people believe that?” is
complicated, but a shorthand version isn’t:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>people always have been, are now and always will be suspicious of anyone
that is “different.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such people possess
what Brett Harte referred to as “the defective moral quality of being a
stranger.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s always been about
different languages and customs, but in America, how light their skin was has
had a lot to do with it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wrote in an
earlier post about how the predominance of darker skinned Italians from Sicily
played a part in generating hatred, although they are pretty much accepted as
white by now.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Norristown was the scene of such ethnic hatred and distrust, and that
unpleasant scenario played out over a very long time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rank discrimination against Italians was the
norm until after the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century, and lingering resentment of
their growing influence fueled the bruising political battles among
ethnicity-based Borough Councilmen that contributed so greatly to Norristown’s
decline in the century’s second half.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And it lasted longer than you might think; indeed, I’m not sure it is
entirely gone today. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I remember a
conversation I had about twenty years ago with a friend who was also a politician/officeholder
in the Norristown area at the time (I’m not going to come any closer to
identifying him).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He launched into a
tirade against “the people who have always caused most of the trouble around
here.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When I asked who they were, he
replied, “You know, the people whose last names end with a vowel.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I suppressed a smile (he had clearly forgotten
how my last name is spelled) and I realized he was talking about Italians. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That’s anti-Italian feeling lasting over one
hundred years in the Norristown area, because I’m not sure he was alone
in his opinion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But by that time,
anti-Hispanic feeling was growing, spurred by the growth of the town’s Hispanic
population, and Italian Americans were part of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The current anti-immigrant attitude is now
bolstered by the “illegal immigrant” argument first created as a reaction to
Italians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The irony just keeps
coming.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And here we are today, amidst a considerable negative reaction to the
latest group of (largely) dark, swarthy immigrants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have been trained to look at subjects like
this; it’s a professional thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s
why I ask whether the enormous gap between perception and reality that Italians
and other ethnic immigrants endured in the early years of their arrival might
also exist today in regard to Hispanics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As I wrote in my first post, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“could
Hispanics today—and perceptions of them—be playing a role similar to that of
the Italians back then?”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Fortunately, that role no longer includes being lynched, but the attacks
against Hispanics (not to mention those against Middle East refugees) clearly
echo what Italians had to suffer for decades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Are today’s immigrants arriving only for the “free stuff,” with no
desire to work?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do they “riot and try to
stop the election process”?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or might the
reality be quite different, as it was with Italians and so many other
ethnicities?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Given the text of the meme Hank published, I feel it is safe to say that a perception/reality gap may exist today, one that may be as large as the one Italians suffered under for so long. By now, it appears that Italians have migrated from one side of the gap to the other. Does this help Norristown?</span></div>
<br />
<!--EndFragment-->Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-41716224563337917232017-01-06T08:01:00.002-08:002017-01-06T08:01:42.983-08:00Attention Norristown: No Turnpike Interchange, No Revival<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">My wishes for a happy and prosperous new year to all of YOU, my readers!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I hate to begin a year by discussing potential bad news, particularly
when it concerns my favorite town, Norristown, Pennsylvania, but I must.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I interrupt my series of posts on ethnicity
and immigration to call attention to something that recently transpired within
the Pennsylvania state bureaucracy. Consider this a warning about a possible
turn of events what would be catastrophic to Norristown’s chances for a revival
any time soon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It would also damage
those of Bridgeport across the river, as well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Those of you who read this post’s title with alarm, please bear with me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you are reading this from one of the
websites to which I regularly post a link, such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Strong Towns</i> or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Urbansim</i>,
or one such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Urban Transportation
Center Friends</i>,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>in which I
publish when my subject is relevant, my basic point, that the future
regeneration of Norristown, Pa., is dependent upon connecting a street directly
to a new Turnpike Interchange, is probably not what you want to hear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am fully aware of the irony when I, an
advocate for alternative transportation, support something like a turnpike
interchange, but I have my reasons.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">First, some information about the threat:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On November 16, the PA Turnpike Commission
issued a press release, one of many in its ongoing battle with the Legislature
and the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) over payments it is
required to make, in addition to expenditures on capital upgrades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It issued a list of six capital funding projects,
already approved, that may be delayed or cancelled “if future financial or
economic conditions dictate.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of
these is the new cashless interchange planned to connect the Turnpike to
Norristown’s Lafayette Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Should this happen, t</span>he money
spent so far to rebuild Lafayette Street to accommodate the traffic to and from the new
interchange would be largely wasted.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If this interchange is, in fact, cancelled, the consequences for all Norristown will be dire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why should this
be?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My posts of 3/11/16 and 4/8/16 dealt
with the importance of the interchange to Norristown, but here is a short
summary:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Norristown, a municipality along the lower Schuylkill River, is the
capital of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Like its sister towns, Norristown was built on industry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unlike them, Norristown never developed a
dominant industry; variety was its characteristic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For more than a century, Norristown’s Main
Street was also the county’s primary commercial retail center.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The combination of government, industry and
retail commerce built a thriving, prosperous town.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Both the industries and the retail stores are gone now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not all of them, of course, but the town has
existed in a type of stagnation since the mid-1970s. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the electronic age, county government no
longer brings people to Norristown, so that is no longer much of a prop.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The 2010 Census says Norristown has 35,000 residents, but there may be
many thousands more living there unregistered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This should alert you to the fact that while Norristown’s economic
statistics over the past few decades may deserve the term “stagnation,” the
changes in the makeup of its population certainly do not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They have, in fact, been profound,
unprecedented and, for the lower Schuylkill at least, singular.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Each town along the river was established by portions of the region’s
first settlers, largely of Northern and Western European stock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But each grew in size and prosperity because
of the waves of immigrants that came up the river (actually on the railroad)
from the middle of the 19<sup>th</sup> century through the first decade of the
20<sup>th</sup>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each became a polyglot
mixture of ethnicities, but Norristown differed because of the large
number of Italians that settled there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Bridgeport’s position just across the river led it to receive a
substantial number of Italians also.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As I am in the process of arguing in the blog series this post
interrupts, Hispanics are today playing the role of Italians from a century
ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the main things in common is
their concentration in Norristown. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
are as yet uncertain as to whether the Hispanics are also “chain migrants” as
the Italians were, but comparatively low rents and living expenses are very
likely a factor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This, in turn, points to Norristown’s central problem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A general lack of commercial or industrial
taxable properties has placed an onerous burden on the residential taxpayers,
at least compared to the visible results of their steadily increasing municipal
bills.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fact that Norristown
possesses far and away the largest number of “Section 8” housing vouchers of
any town in Montgomery County, contributes to both edges of the scissors cutting into
the town’s loyal, but increasingly frustrated, taxpayers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That’s why I argue that, while no one disputes the need for new
businesses, it is fundamentally an improvement in the economic status of
Norristown’s residents that is required.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In other words, new residents who possess disposable income because they
hold responsible jobs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are two
potential paths to attracting such new residents: an increase in both the
number and quality of locally available jobs, or a good, quick connection to
the local superhighway system, thus allowing new residents to work elsewhere.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There aren’t going to be any substantial number of new industrial jobs
to underwrite this change. That leaves what I broadly term “service”
jobs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those jobs are going to service
the needs of the local population and, hopefully, a substantial number from the
suburbs. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That makes the jobs/residents
dichotomy a “chicken or the egg” type of argument. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So, if we focus instead on people who will live in
Norristown but work elsewhere, what does Norristown offer to attract such
people?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Two concerns seem to rank above the rest for the people Norristown
desires: the neighborhood and the school system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Norristown offers a decidedly mixed bag in
both categories.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Norristown does possess
the type of older housing stock that finds favor with young people seeking an
urban lifestyle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rather too much of it
is in the hands of slumlords, and thus deteriorating, and the heavy presence of
“Section 8” doesn’t help, but it’s there, if often in a “fixer-upper” condition.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pubic safety is a mixed bag, as follows
in an urban setting described above.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You
can get an argument about this, but I believe that things are looking up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am a big fan of Police Chief Talbot and his
attempts to better connect his department with the people they serve.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Norristown Area School System offers both positives and negatives,
for essentially the same reason as Norristown’s neighborhoods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, I believe that the school system
gets a bad rap; it’s a lot better run, and its teachers are better, than standardized test scores would
indicate. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Two mixed bags will not suffice to bring in the type of new residents
that are desired, but Norristown does possess one quite valuable—and
exploitable—asset: its frontage along the Schuylkill River.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s always been valuable, of course; it
was where the railroads ran and industries wanted to locate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They have gone, but nothing has replaced them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In my book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">They’ve Been Down So Long…Getting Up’s Still On Their Minds</i>, I
wrote about what is replacing them in other towns: residences and
recreation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What had historically been
the riverfront’s lowest priorities have today become its highest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both residence and recreation offer the river
towns much-needed taxables, and even jobs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A huge asset to this is the still-developing network of ex-railroad beds
converted to trails.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Schuylkill River Trail already exists up the river from Philadelphia to Pottstown, and it
runs right through Norristown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other
such trails are in the works, and many will intersect with this one and then
each other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An alternate transportation
network is slowly evolving, right under our noses.*<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Young professionals are increasingly drawn to
alternative transportation and to residence near beautiful recreational
opportunities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Norristown already
possesses some of both, but virtually its entire waterfront still lies open and
unused, a tempting target for development.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This requires another component be added to the mix: I call
it “proximity to transportation,” and unfortunately, in Southeast Pennsylvania,
that means limited-access highways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
benefits of a close connection to them were first demonstrated in the heretofore
sleepy village of King of Prussia, and more recently in both the Conshohockens,
just downriver from Norristown.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That’s what the now-threatened Turnpike interchange can do for
Norristown: provide an almost dedicated connection, offering a
quick commute along a recently widened and improved Lafayette Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With one end at the Turnpike and the other at
Norristown’s underdeveloped riverfront, such a Lafayette Street becomes the
path to revival.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the new and improved
Lafayette Street only dead ends near the Turnpike, then almost the whole point
of the project will be lost.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I have been focusing on Norristown, but as I noted at the beginning, the Turnpike interchange is an important for Bridgeport also. It lies just across the river, and a widened Lafayette Street with a connection to the Turnpike would offer Bridgeport much the same opportunity to attract new residents, for the same reasons. I've made this point before, but I'll make it again: the futures of Norristown and Bridgeport are linked, just as their pasts are.</span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It’s not time to panic, but it is time to be vigilant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is also the time to for all Norristown--and Bridgeport--residents to become aware of just how catastrophic the cancellation of the
Lafayette Street Turnpike interchange would be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Once that is understood, it is time for them to contact their elected
representatives at the state level and beseech them to avoid a decision that
would have such a negative effect on both towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spread the word.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">*</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Norristown
already has the area’s best rail connections to Philadelphia; two lines to two
locations (the remnants of a much greater system, of course).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are, however, already close to maxed out
by development in the Conshohockens, and future expansion of the system would
be a shaky reed to lean on. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-14316623502740771372016-12-02T08:09:00.001-08:002016-12-02T08:09:48.517-08:00In Norristown, Pa., Hispanics Are The New Italians, For Sure<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This is the third of my series of posts
to focus on immigration and ethnicity in America, as viewed through my subject
towns on Pennsylvania’s lower Schuylkill River.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I began with a discussion of the post-WW I nativist reaction that was
generated, in substantial part, by fear of the large numbers of “un-American”
immigrants from southern Europe, i.e., Italy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Last time I began to examine the potential similarities between the two
movements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This post continues that
examination, but as the national situation looms in the background of all
current immigration conversations, I must add an update.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My previous post, published just before our
national election, contained the following sentence:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Whether
Congress produces the 21<sup>st</sup> century version of its previous
regressive and racist policy, or pursues a different course, remains to be
seen.</i>”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Things still remain to be
seen, but it appears that the chances of the former being reenacted have
substantially increased.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Still, we remain in that limbo of which I spoke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Conclusions are premature, because to learn more
about what is really happening.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Last time I identified the broad, but likely coincidental, trans-century
time frame for both immigration periods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Using conveniently available on-line data for the period between 2000
and 2013, it was also clear that that the smaller towns have accepted not just
fewer Hispanics, but fewer by percentage, as was the case during the previous
period of immigration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In another obvious point of comparison, I began to examine the data for
a correlation between a town’s prosperity—and thus rents, not to mention
property values—and its attractiveness to immigrants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I reminded my readers that, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Throughout history, with very few
exceptions, immigrants have arrived in their new lands with little money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you are looking for where they settled,
you can pretty much bet it wasn’t the richer part of town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today’s version of that principle in the
lower Schuylkill valley focuses on towns rather than neighborhoods, and no town
among my subject eight is doing better than Conshohocken.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Property values—and rents—are sky high.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>West Conshohocken comes close (particularly
on a per-capita basis), adding to the reasons for its low percentage of
Hispanics.</i>”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So far, so good, but this latter judgment requires some further
explanation, as the data on town population and immigrant percentages
demonstrated. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>West Conshohocken,
arguably the borough with the highest home values, is also by some margin the
smallest river town, and should thus be the most resistant to Hispanic
immigrants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Between 2000 and 2013,
however, West Conshohocken experienced the third highest percentage increase of
Hispanic population among the eight towns on the lower Schuylkill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conshohocken across the river is much larger,
and is doing at least equally well, but has experienced a smaller percentage
increase in Hispanics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And what about
Phoenixville?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is doing quite well,
yet during the 2000 – 2013 survey period, Phoenixville had the highest increase
in Hispanic residents, by either percentage or number, of any town not named
Norristown.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Another interesting point of similarity between then and
now involves Pottstown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pottstown,
although the second oldest borough on the lower Schuylkill (1815), did not see
any substantial number of immigrant settlers arrive until decades later.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its population remained largely
homogenous—Protestants, largely of German descent—until the late 1800s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today, it seems that a similar process is
taking place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Between 2000 and 2013
Pottstown experienced the smallest percentage increase in Hispanics of the
eight towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pottstown’s depressed
property values should serve as a considerable draw, but they don’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why does Pottstown, despite its larger
population and lower living costs, have so few Hispanics?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Regardless of the above preliminary theses (or, more correctly, questions), the major message the data
sends us is that discussion of the differences in the Hispanic population
between seven of the eight towns is basically just quibbling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>West Conshohocken’s jump in Hispanic population
between 2000 and 2013 added just 45 people to its population.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even Phoenixville, with the second largest
population and the second largest increase in Hispanic residents, had less than
900 Hispanic residents in 2013. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The real
numbers are in Norristown, and that is so far the biggest similarity between
Italians then and Hispanics now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The dramatic difference between
the Hispanic population of Norristown and of all the other river towns is
actually quite reminiscent of how things played out just before and after the
beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Back then, by far the largest number of Italian immigrants to the lower
Schuylkill settled in Norristown, with what was effectively a spillover into
Bridgeport.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The other river towns gained
Italian communities of varying size, but that of Norristown dominated in every
statistical category.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This being “the good old days,” the municipal government, real estate
agents and local landlords were able to conspire and place the new arrivals in
the dirtiest, least developed (and served) part of the town, the East End.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This ghettoization of Italians was practiced
for over half a century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As late as
1950, there was still an unwritten rule that Italians could not live west of
DeKalb Street or north of Fornance Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Italian-dominated eastern end of town never received the attention
other parts (mainly the north) received, as Italians continued to suffer
discrimination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite the fact that
the Humane Fire Company—one of Norristown’s earliest—was located in the eastern
part of town, no Italians were allowed to join.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The concentrated Italian population did eventually grant them
considerable voting power within what was then Borough Council, although its
prime beneficiaries (Paul Santangelo dominant among them) did little to advance
Norristown.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It was a long, hard struggle, but the Italians overcame, and the
evidence of that is everywhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Norristown’s
Christopher Columbus Monument was financed by the Italian community, out of ethnic
pride and because, by the second half of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, any list
of the area’s financial, business and political elite was crowded with Italian
surnames.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Throw in the sports and
entertainment figures, and the reputation of Norristown Italians has spread far
and wide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perhaps the most fascinating thing about the migration of Italians to
Norristown is that as many as 90 to 95% percent of them came from the same
village, Sciacca, in Sicily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was an
example of what scholars refer to as “chain migration,” whereby the first to
arrive send back such glowing reports that others follow, and continue to do
so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It represents a continuation of the
old localism in a new environment; those Italians who settled just outside
Norristown, in Plymouth Township, came from a different area, on the Italian
mainland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Might Hispanics be doing the same thing?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Where do they come from?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We don’t
know at this point, because there are a lot of things we don’t know about this
new wave of immigrants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The issue of
“legality” ensures that much goes unsaid, at least to official ears.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We do know a great deal about Italians in
Norristown; they have appeared in more than one Ph.D. dissertation. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mind you, I am not criticizing the current
state of scholarship, because those studies and Ph.D. dissertations were
written almost a half century after the peak of the Italian immigration
period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I can’t but think how
significant comparable studies of the Hispanic migration might prove.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It took a long while for Italians to overcome, and today there is much
less discrimination (particularly of the lawful variety) to restrict and restrain
the new immigrants. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hispanic businesses
began to appear more quickly, and have proliferated in the West End.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Walk down the four blocks of West Marshall Street
on a nice day, and you will experience the very picture of growth: new
restaurants, cafes retail stores, and even music floating out onto the sidewalk
from the activity within them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
people certainly didn’t arrive depending on the “free benefits” that immigrants
are supposedly receiving.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They brought
with them a drive, an energy to succeed and make things better for their
children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rather like the Italians, and
for that matter, every immigrant group that has arrived on our shores.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The more things change…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And here’s the real kicker:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>there
may be a lot more Hispanics in Norristown than anyone realizes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My analysis during the previous posts has
been based on the population figures of a group of websites designed to sell
homes in these towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think that
ensures the most accurate information available, but just how accurate is
it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Using those figures, the 2013
Hispanic population of Norristown was listed at 26.3% of 35,407 residents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s 9,312 people (discounting the partial
person).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The website updates those
numbers to 2014, and lists the Hispanic population at 9,128, a small drop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But an article about Norristown earlier this year quoted a Municipal Councilman as saying that there may be as many as 12,000 to 15,000 additional people living
in town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If so, they are uncounted
by anyone, and not in the figures we have been using, or anyone else’s, for
that matter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even if they are not all
Hispanics (as many might quickly assume), there could be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">twice as many</i> Hispanics in Norristown as the unofficial estimates
count.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">This is the crux of the problem.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">We just don’t know enough about the local reality in Norristown—or
anywhere else—to make rational, long-range plans.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Actions at the national level will ultimately
determine the overall shape of any “answer to the problem,” but that just
leaves local municipalities in the lurch until then.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">In the meantime, however, given that
Hispanics now constitute at least one-third of Norristown’s population,
regardless of what figures you use, one thing should be clear:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Norristown’s revival must include Hispanics
as a basic building block.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">They are
essential.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-80023847252962810762016-11-04T07:40:00.000-07:002016-11-16T19:15:08.837-08:00Are Hispanics The New Italians? There Are Some Things In Common…<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I have begun a series of posts on
ethnic change in America, as viewed through my eight subject cities on
Pennsylvania’s lower Schuylkill River.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Last
month I wrote about the unpleasant national reaction to immigrants—primarily
Italians—after the First World War, when our government attempted to structure
the racial and ethnic makeup of the nation to favor the descendants of northern
and western European immigrants. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My
point was how immigrants judged too far from the mainstream—primarily, but by
no means exclusively, Italians—generated a regressive and nativist reaction
that swept through Congress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Today, a similar pattern is discernable, and there is support for an
even more sweeping resolution of “the immigration problem” than was contained
in the Acts of the 1920s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This time the
xenophobia is directed against Hispanics, with Italians not missing from those
who feel this way. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the
overarching story, and we are still in the middle of the second part, but there
are other interesting parallels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
time I pick up the national thread, and then compare the two periods of
increased immigration in the lower Schuylkill valley, looking for what is
different, and for what is much the same.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After almost closing the door to immigrants, America spent the next few
decades learning to celebrate not so much its immigrant past but the concept of
“assimilation,” i.e., the melding together of disparate ethnic strains into
something called “an American.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
took place largely during the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century, that period to which
we look back with so much longing (I’m talking about after WWII, of
course).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was “The American
Half-Century,” when we dominated the world’s economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We prospered by making things and selling
them to other countries, recording the greatest period of economic progress in
our nation’s history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What is underappreciated is that this period was actually an outlier in
American history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were no waves of
immigrants arriving on our shores.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
came, certainly, but not in anywhere like the numbers of before, and they
tended to be better off, both in education and wealth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But by the last decades of the century, things
had changed again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A new immigrant wave
began to draw notice, this time not by people who arrived by ship, but those
who walked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the half-century began to
draw to a close, one of the signs of its closure was renewed concern about
immigration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This concern was manifest
among “white America.” </span>Fortunately, “white” by that time largely included
Italians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seizing the opportunity, these
descendants of immigrants joined in turning the weapons and the phrases once
used against themselves towards the new arrivals, Hispanics.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That’s pretty much where we are today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It’s a limbo of sorts, as the ultimate question of “legality” remains to
be settled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether Congress produces the
21<sup>st</sup> century version of its previous regressive and racist policy,
or pursues a different course, remains to be seen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the meanwhile, what can we, while in the
midst of this new wave of immigrants, learn from the previous wave?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So much has changed; can the two really be
compared?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hispanics have settled in the
lower Schuylkill valley; data about how many and where they settled provide some
interesting comparisons of this current wave to the previous one.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We are trying to read numbers, but which ones to use, and from what
source?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are slightly more than
halfway between national Censuses, which makes our official numbers—as of 2010—somewhat
out of date.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Websites offer more recent
data, but its veracity should remain suspect, at all times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Keeping that in mind, I did some online
research on the racial and ethnic makeup of the river towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I employed <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">city-data.com</i> for this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
is one of several companies that market information to prospective
home buyers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I chose it largely because
it offers structurally identical sites on each of the river towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is thus likely that these different sites
employ the same methodology in acquiring and presenting their data.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This eliminates any conscious (or
unconscious) effort on my part to manipulate the data by comparing different
methodologies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I can thus use this data
for comparison purposes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I otherwise
make no claims as to its accuracy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The data is offered in both raw numbers and percentages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is important, because we are analyzing
population change among towns of greatly varying population. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Norristown’s 2013 population of 35,407 was
more than twice as large as Phoenixville, and almost twenty-eight times as
large as West Conshohocken.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its
African-American population is almost twice the size of that of the other seven river
towns combined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In such cases, percentages
work better than totals for the larger picture, although the totals must be
periodically inserted to keep things in perspective. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">City-data.com</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">’s
structure allows only comparison between 2000 and 2013.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It would be nice to have more recent data
than 2013, but using 2000 gives us thirteen years of perspective, so we’ll work
with what has happened to the Hispanic presence in the river towns between 2000
and 2013.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How does this new wave reflect
previous waves of immigrants?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How is it
different?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s much too early for a
historian to draw conclusions to those questions, but not too early to offer
some initial theses, points that deserve further study.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m going to focus both on what has changed
and what hasn’t. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
the broadest sense, that of time, the comparison between Italians and Hispanics
holds up. The great wave of Italians
came during the last century of the 19<sup>th</sup> century and the first
decade of the 20<sup>th</sup>. The great
wave of Hispanics has—so far—spanned much the same transition period between
the 20<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st</sup> centuries. D</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">uring the 1970s, the
illegal immigrant population of the U.S. was estimated to be 1.1 million. Illegal immigration during the 1980s more than
doubled, rising to 1.3 million. That
number jumped even further during the 1990s to almost 6 million, and during
that decade Mexico became the largest national source. The numbers continued to rise during the
2000s, and Hispanics solidified their primary place among them after the
post-9/11 reaction that tightened security of our air and sea borders. </span></div>
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These are significant parallels in timing, but they are also quite
likely coincidental. We should also not forget
that Italians were but the latest major arrivals in a long period of
substantial immigration while Hispanics largely stand alone in our current
comparative period. History does not
repeat itself; patterns do.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The movement of Hispanics into
the lower Schuylkill Valley is also demonstrating another characteristic in
common with the Italians: the smaller towns are
receiving not just fewer people, but fewer by percentage. When we are talking about immigrants who
settled in towns, rather than those in agriculture, it is clear that the
smallest towns offered the fewest opportunities to new immigrants, then and
now. Opportunity here is defined as both
economic—jobs available—and social—less community opposition. This means that along with fewer jobs, a town
with a small population could offer more unified resistance to newcomers. The three smallest towns on the lower Schuylkill—West Conshohocken,
Spring City and Royersford—largely resisted the many ethnicities of the 19th/20<sup>th</sup>
century migration wave, and appear to be doing the same thing today. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The 2013 population numbers online demonstrate that the smaller the
town, the lower the percentage of Hispanics, but demonstrate something else
also. To appreciate this, we must
remember that the river towns break into two groups by population; the lower
five and the upper three. In 2013,
Conshohocken, with 7,780 people, was the most populous town of the lower five,
but had less than half the population of the next most populous town,
Phoenixville, which posted 16,440 in the same year.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The
five smallest towns possessed the lowest percentages of Hispanics, but there
was no break in the number of Hispanics proportionate to that of the overall
populations of either Phoenixville or Pottstown, the next two most populous towns.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Here are the river towns, ranked by
percentage of Hispanics, followed by their overall populations, in 2013:</span></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Town</span></u><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> <u>% of Hispanics</u> <u>Total Population</u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Spring City: 2.3% 3,359 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Conshohocken:</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">3.5% 7,870</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Royersford: 4.2% 4,784<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">West Conshohocken: 4.5% 1,273<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Bridgeport 4.7% 4,580<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Pottstown: 5.3% 22,665<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Phoenixville: 7.9% 16,440</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Norristown:</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">26.3%</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">35,407</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That’s a pretty slow percentage rise,
until you get to Norristown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I will get get to Norristown in next month’s post.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m going to close this time by pointing out
another way in which the current influx of Hispanics follows traditional
patterns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conshohocken, despite having
the largest population of the lower five, ranks second on the fewest-Hispanics
scale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is a current demonstration
of one of the most traditional truths about immigrants:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Throughout history, with very few exceptions,
immigrants have arrived in their new lands with little money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you are looking for where they settled,
you can pretty much bet it wasn’t the richer part of town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today’s version of that principle in the
lower Schuylkill valley focuses on towns rather than neighborhoods, and no town
among my subject eight is doing better than Conshohocken.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Property values—and rents—are sky high.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>West Conshohocken comes close (particularly
on a per-capita basis), adding to the reasons for its low percentage of
Hispanics.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In
discussing the similarities between the arrival of the Italians and the
Hispanics, Norristown deserves a post all its own. See you next month. </span><!--EndFragment--></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />
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</style>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-14227651214022340972016-10-07T08:00:00.001-07:002016-10-07T08:00:16.646-07:00Hispanics Are The New Italians. History Says That May Not Be A Good Thing.<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The towns on Pennsylvania’s lower
Schuylkill River were built by successive waves of immigrants, and no group
settled in greater numbers than the Italians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Today we celebrate their success in achieving the American Dream.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have largely forgotten that their arrival
triggered a national reaction, an expression of America’s “other side,” a
combination of racism and ethnocentricity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Today we are seeing a resurgence of that reactionary attitude, against
the newest large wave of immigrants, Hispanics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In what can only be described as bitter irony, many of those hostile to
these new people are themselves the proud descendants of the people that
triggered that same reaction upon their arrival in this country. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The 1920s saw a major turning point in U.S. immigration history, and
Italian immigrants—and people’s opinions about them—were central to what
happened.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As busy as Ellis Island had
been in the late 1800s, the early years of the 20<sup>th</sup> century saw an
even greater surge of immigrants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Between 1905 and the outbreak of the First World War, some ten million
people arrived on our shores.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1907 was
the peak year, with over 1 million people arriving, primarily at New York.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The migrations of the previous century had
brought people different from our English forefathers to these shores, but
these new 20<sup>th</sup> century immigrants even more different, too different
for many people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of these were the
people from southern Italy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This fact
would have a lasting impact on the American view of race and ethnicity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The First World War brought this massive movement of people to a
complete stop, of course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At war’s end,
the number of desperate people in Europe who would have welcomed a chance to
come to America was very much larger than it had been, and immigration began to
rise again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>America, however, was in a
very different mood by the 1920s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Italians and the other “Industrial Immigrants” had arrived in a time of
great economic expansion, when industries desperately sought new workers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1920, a postwar recession had people
worrying about new immigrants taking away jobs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This was just one part of an era, America’s attempt to return to
“normalcy.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Progressive Era was an
increasingly distant memory as America elected as president Warren Harding, a
man whose sole qualification for the job was that he looked
“presidential.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The early 1920s then saw
a reexamination of several traditional American policies, with immigration prominent
among them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The shameful result was the
first attempt to structure America by race.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">By the 1920s, while every new ethnic group could claim to have faced
discrimination, Italians were being viewed with the most suspicion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As best-selling author Bill Bryson, in
his study of the Sacco and Vanzetti case, caught the mood of the time: “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wherever problems arose, Italians seemed to be at the heart of
things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The widespread perception of
Italians was that if they weren’t Fascists or Bolsheviks, they were anarchists
or Communists, and if they weren’t those, they were involved in organized crime</i>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He quotes a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">New York Times</i> article as saying that it was “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">perhaps hopeless to think of civilizing </i>[Italians]<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> or keeping them in order, except by the arm
of the law.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A University of
Wisconsin sociologist (in a statement quite evocative of today) insisted that
the crime rate had fallen in Italy only <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“because
all the criminals are here.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such
widespread allocation of blame had previously been reserved for Jews, and they
continued to suffer from it, but the huge number of Italians made them far more
obvious targets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This negative attitude against Italians was in no way unique; it
actually followed the traditional American pattern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Americans have always rated their component
peoples on a positive-to-negative scale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ethnicity and Religion help to place the markers between peoples, but
the prime determinant is skin color; the lighter you are the better. That’s
why, by 1920, the huge numbers that had arrived from the south of Italy
provoked such concern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few tall,
blonde Lombards were one thing, but boatloads of those dark, swarthy Sicilians
were quite another. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Congress decided to take action, and created The House Committee on
Immigration and Naturalization to take a look at the situation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Committee appointed as its expert advisor
a man named Harry H. Laughlin, perhaps the most racially extreme supporter of
what is politely known as “negative eugenics,” which in Laughlin’s case meant
to “purify the breeding stock of the race at all costs.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He meant the Caucasian race, of course,
rather narrowly defined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He offered to a
rapt audience of Congressmen “evidence“ that ranked the comparative quality or
degeneracy of various ethnic groups, and Italians did not fare well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fortified by these “facts,” the Committee promptly wrote what became the
Emergency Quota Act upon its passage in 1921.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Note the word “Emergency”; Laughlin had done his work well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Act was the first attempt to restrict
immigration on a national basis (the West Coast had already been legislating
against Chinese and Japanese immigrants).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This was unprecedented, but the method was even more radical: restrict
immigrants by nationality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its
overall purpose was clearly reactionary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Act was the first attempt to freeze the components of the American
people <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">according to a selected numerical
relationship among them.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
restricted a country’s immigrants to 3% of the number of residents from that
country living here in 1910.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under this formula, the countries of northern
and western Europe were allowed considerably more new immigrants to the U.S. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With emergency measures taken, Congress took a longer look at the
numbers and did not like what they saw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They took further action by passing the Immigration Act of 1924, which
itself encompassed the National Origins Act and the Asian Exclusion Act.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This Act lowered the percentage of a
country’s citizens allowed into the U.S. to 2%, but more significantly, made
this number according to the 1890 Census.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This was a deliberate move against Italians (although not against them
alone), most of whom had arrived after that year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
was also effective.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Immigration from
Italy during the early 1920s, already much lessened by the 1921 Act, was cut a
further 90%.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is estimated that
between 1900 and 1910, some 200,000 Italians immigrated the U.S. annually.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Following the 1924 Act, that number dropped
to about 4,000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Storing up trouble for
the future, </span>the Act also helped to plant the concept of “illegal immigrant”
in the American mind.<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Acts of the 1920s also contained some provisions—and one omission—that
resonate today: it greatly restricted the immigration of Africans, and banned
both Arabs and Asians outright.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It did
not, however, set any limits on immigrants from Latin America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These attempts to preserve the nation’s
racial and ethnic balance effectively capped entry across our eastern and
western borders but neglected our southern border.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This provides a delicious irony to the subsequent
history of immigration to our country in the 20<sup>th</sup> Century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This protection of our seacoasts worked
pretty well, even though a more liberal approach crept in with the extensive
reworking of the entire immigration quota system in 1954.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That “maintain the existing ethnic balance”
thing largely continued, if a great deal more subtly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or so people thought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We managed to at least keep down the numbers
that might have crossed the oceans, but not those who could walk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So now here we are, not quite one hundred years after our national
attempt at maintaining a nation dominated by its residents from northern and
western Europe, and it was all pretty much a waste of time. A new
ethnicity—Hispanics—has arrived in large numbers, despite all the legislative
and enforcement measures enacted to prevent just such a thing from
happening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Oh, and Asians have developed
a substantial presence also.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This raises a question: could Hispanics today—and perceptions of them—be
playing a role similar to that of the Italians back then?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If so, then the irony of Italian-Americans
being prominent in the voices being raised against this new immigrant group
should be appreciated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is a
relevant question everywhere, but particularly relevant to the still-stagnant towns along the lower Schuylkill River, which need the type of stimulus historically provided by the successive waves of immigrants.</span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Among these, the immigration issue is most important to the largest of these towns,
Norristown, Pa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More Italians settled
there than anywhere else in the lower Delaware Valley, by far, and almost all
of them were from the southernmost part of Italy, Sicily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As fate would have it, their town now has the largest number of Hispanics, by far. The more things change...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The purpose of this essay was not to minimize the maltreatment suffered
by other ethnicities during their entrance into American society, particularly
Jews, for whom such a reception had long historical traditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is simply to point out that the recent
immigration to the U.S. by Hispanics, primarily Mexicans—and the reaction to
it—adheres broadly to a pattern we’ve seen before, at least so far.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s the next step in that pattern that is disturbing,
because it is so uncertain, and history might sort of repeat itself, because
some people certainly are.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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That’s why I’m devoting this next series of posts to immigration, its past significance to the Schuylkill River towns and its
important future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are lessons to
be learned here, so that history does not follow the same pattern it did back
in the 1920s, when Italians were the newest—and most suspect—presence in our
urban communities.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-67638403462735768112016-09-02T08:45:00.002-07:002016-09-02T08:45:44.444-07:00Why Is DeKalb Street One Way? A Brief Lesson About History…And Change<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
A recurrent theme in my writing is that
things change, and change is the only constant in history. Yet the works of man, from our institutions
and governmental structures to our roads tend to remain, long after the
conditions that gave birth to them have changed, often fundamentally. This time I am going to talk about roads;
specifically DeKalb Street, in Norristown, Pa.
That’s because Norristown is on the cusp of a renewal, and there are
some old things remaining that should change in order to help that
revival. The layout of DeKalb Street is
one of them. It’s in the works,
actually, but it has been “in the works” for some time now, and deserves more
attention.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
An April <i>Times Herald</i> article
discussed the long-pending plan to make DeKalb Street two-way, and found a
consensus among those it spoke to. This
fact alone makes it both unusual and newsworthy (this is Norristown, after
all), but that should not obscure the subject itself. Everyone agreed that making DeKalb Street
two-way would be a good thing, and they are correct. One respondent remarked that “<i>The designers of this one-way street are
dumb</i>,” and commented on the danger the street presented. He is quite correct about the danger, and
there are several more reasons that DeKalb Street should be two-way, but the
designers of the street were not dumb. <span style="color: #333333;">They were competent men attempting to solve a problem
that existed <b><i>a long time ago</i></b><i>.</i> But that was then; this is now, and things
have changed.</span> They have, in fact,
changed fundamentally. But comprehending
just how total that change has been is going to require some imagination from
those of you of young to moderate years, particularly if you live in the
general area.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
First, I should point out that DeKalb Street had been a two-way street
at its initial layout, and second, its intersection with Main Street marked the
core of downtown since the opening of the DeKalb Street Bridge. Here is where imagination comes in, because
you need to picture the sidewalks at this intersection—in all four
directions—bustling with customers on their way to an array of stores open and
lit, beckoning them within. One of my
all-time favorite interviewees, the late Mary Early, quoted her mother as often
saying to her, “I’d love to live at Main and DeKalb; everything happens at Main
and DeKalb.” She was referring to the
Depression times, by the way, so you can imagine what it was like after the end
of the Second World War and rationing, for people anxious to forget the
previous decade or so. Downtown Main
Street began to enjoy good times once again.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But the period after the end of the war brought some things to Norristown
that quickly began to be a major problem.
They weren’t new by any means, but now they came in overwhelming
numbers. “They” were automobiles and
trucks. Not too many compared to today,
but far more than downtown, and Main and DeKalb in particular, could handle. Both streets had been laid out long before
the advent of automobiles, and there was simply no room for expansion.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here’s where the second piece of imagination comes in, exactly the
opposite of the first. I first asked you
to picture something that isn’t here—a crowded, prosperous downtown—now I need
you to erase your mental image of what is there: all those big highways. The Pennsylvania Turnpike was on its way, and
would arrive in the bucolic farmland of King of Prussia in late 1950, but none
of the others existed. The Schuylkill
Expressway was on its way to meet the Turnpike, but none of the Interstate
highways existed, because the program had not been created yet. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The area’s two major roads were U.S. “Shield” highways, Route 422 and
Route 202, and they were the problem. That’s
because in Norristown, Route 422 was Main Street and Route 202 was DeKalb
Street. That made the core of downtown
Norristown a major crossroads, and not just a regional one, but also a national
one. Route 422 had always been a largely
local route into and out of Philadelphia, but Route 202 was different. It was the only parallel competition for
Route 1 between New York City and points south, and the only feasible route for
those living west of the coastline and Philadelphia. The idea of vacationers bound for Florida—or
NYC—passing through downtown Norristown may be hard to envision, but I told you
this required some imagination. Thus, by
the late 1940s, the local residents, eager to resume their traditional shopping
in downtown Norristown, found themselves delayed, if not blocked outright, by
cars and trucks on DeKalb Street, which were only passing through, often to
major distances a long way away.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Cars were by far the most common, but trucks offered problems of their
own, mostly related to their size and weight.
While researching <i>What Killed
Downtown? Norristown, Pennsylvania, From Main Street to the Malls</i>, I
greatly enjoyed listening to Hank Cisco relate the story of the police truck
weighing station at DeKalb and Lafayette.
The truck drivers hated it, calling it “Little Russia.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Norristown had a traffic congestion problem even before the Turnpike
arrived, and given that King of Prussia was to be the termination of this major
highway, all its traffic had to go somewhere.
Norristown feared that much of it would head north for New York along
Route 202, and thus right through the Borough on DeKalb Street. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Unfortunately, in trying to deal with this problem, Norristown was
caught in a bureaucratic net. The
Borough did not have final authority over either of its two main streets. Although technically national highways, both
routes were actually the responsibility of the Commonwealth, for both funding
and implementation. Main Street figured
in these calculations also, but I will confine the narrative to DeKalb
Street. Main Street also become one-way
(at a different date), but reverted several years later. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Highway engineers thus faced what was becoming an all-too frequent
decision in this time of unprecedented growth:
who gets priority on the streets, local residents or those passing
through? By September, 1948, the answer
was clear. Both DeKalb and Swede Streets
were to be converted to one-way. Burgess
William March declared his disagreement, saying “We in town should get first
consideration; too much thought is being given to the traveler from Florida to
Maine. Let us give the residents first
thought.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Borough Council did its best to placate the Commonwealth, and attempted
to expedite traffic by keeping DeKalb Street two-way, but banning street
parking along its downtown stretch.
Council rescinded the effort in December, 1948, except for the period
between 3 and 6 PM, when the meters would be bagged. The no parking experiment had brought about
no improvement in traffic flow, and local businesses were unanimous in opposing
the loss of parking spots. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Commonwealth was not going to be gainsaid. In October, 1951, Borough Council,
reluctantly but unanimously, voted on a traffic plan for both north/south and
east/west traffic through Norristown.
DeKalb and would be one way northbound between Lafayette and Johnson Highway, while
Markley Street would be one-way southbound along the same stretch. After several legal requirements were met,
DeKalb and Markley Streets became one-way on November 17, 1952.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Giving priority to passers-through on DeKalb Street over the town’s
residents didn’t kill downtown, but it didn’t help, either. Still, as I said above, things have
changed. To keep DeKalb Street one-way
would be dumb. Pedestrian safety is a
major consideration, but there are broader ones. There are more nuanced and erudite ways of
expressing this, but here’s a simple one: if you are trying to revive your downtown, you shouldn’t have one of your two major roads only take you away from downtown for 90 percent of its
distance. New attractions are beginning
to appear in Norristown, and all roads should lead there, DeKalb Street most
definitely among them.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This issue deserves more attention than it is getting. The April <i>Times Herald</i> article that recorded the consensus of opinion also noted that the process had begun earlier, but echoed the old refrain that "<i>Two public meetings in 2010 were sparsely attended by residents..."</i> Making DeKalb Street two-way again is a necessary part of the plan for reviving Norristown. As this may be the only Norristown subject about which there is unanimity of opinion, the public should be pushing this.</div>
<!--EndFragment-->Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-36951905949833515372016-08-05T08:04:00.002-07:002016-08-05T08:04:46.251-07:00Why Phoenixville? Some Thoughts From Residents<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">During my most recent tour of Pennsylvania's lower Schuylkill Valley, I spoke at the Phoenixville Public Library on April 11, and
concluded my talk on the Borough’s history with my question “Why
Phoenixville?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why is Phoenixville,
alone among the towns on Pennsylvania’s lower Schuylkill River, experiencing a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">locally-driven</i> resurgence?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I asked my audience, as local residents, to
email me what “why Phoenixville?” meant to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The response has been outstanding; I have
received several thoughtful essays of various lengths, and this time want to
address more of the points they have made.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>My last post on Phoenixville (June 3<sup>rd</sup>) focused on the spirit
of community that seems to link all of the contributions I have received.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This time I will take up other points,
closely related to “community,” but worthy of separate consideration.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Interestingly enough, few of my correspondents are native to
Phoenixville; most had moved there, and relatively recently (within the last
twenty years).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This means that they were
attracted to the new Phoenixville, the town as it is.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Why” is the subject of these posts, and it
is important to understand what they are writing about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But this opens a deeper question, the type
loved by historians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ll address that
later, but for now, more praise for the new Phoenixville, from those who chose
to move to this small town in Southeastern Pennsylvania, instead of others
nearby.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Who are those new residents of Phoenixville?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This observation from one correspondent does
a good job of summing it up:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“…a whole generation of
people who can only find jobs in the desert corporate suburbs, but want some
sort of town-like community. We crave what our parents rejected…</span></i><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The work description was by no means a consensus (two of my contributors
were carpenters), but seeking a “town-like community” certainly was.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proximity to jobs is a major factor, regardless of profession.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The days when the vast majority of a river
town’s residents also worked there are long gone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tech and Pharma companies in Chester County and
along Route #422 in Montgomery County offer jobs, mostly skilled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The development around the intersections of
Rt. 422 has spawned a wide variety of new companies, and thus jobs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The decision to move into an old town instead of a new housing community
is clearly an individual one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of
the employees at these new business locations moved into the equally new
housing developments nearby.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But some of
them don’t want to live in such places.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They seek to live in a “town-like community.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So far, so good, but there are other similar
towns nearby along the river.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What has
attracted so many to Phoenixville, but so few to Spring City (to name only one
alternative)? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Travel time is one factor, to be sure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One writer says she and her husband settled on Phoenixville after deciding
that Spring City and Royersford were too far away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The acceptable level of travel is, of course,
also an individual decision.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is also
entirely by automobile, as no alternative transportation exists west of
Norristown (in Pennsylvania’s climate, bicycles don’t count as a year-round
alternative).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Websites periodically
publish “length of travel time to/from work” statistics; I am looking forward
to seeing how Phoenixville and Conshohocken compare.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Phoenixville is adjacent to no Interstate
highways, would the travel times of its residents be shorter than those of
Conshy, whose residents can access two? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">One correspondent offered an acute observation about these new job
centers and their paradoxical effect:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #262626;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Phoenixville
benefited greatly by the development of the Great Valley Corporate Center and
the office development south of Collegeville. While initially not too many
people who worked those jobs lived in Phoenixville proper, there was a
spillover effect that helped the Borough, and importing those middle-class (and
upper-middle class) jobs to the area exposed the Borough to more people and
potential future residents. I find it somewhat ironic that those sprawly office
parks-- generally responsible for killing small downtowns-- in this case actually
might have helped.”</span><o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While we are at it, let’s acknowledge
another turnaround in the effects of change on our society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just as the shift of jobs from within our old
towns to outside helped to hollow them out, so to did the emergence of new
shopping centers along the area’s larger roads (and particularly at their
intersections).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This had an enormous
effect, before the malls even appeared.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They were the bane of our old downtowns in the immediate post-war era,
attracting the then-new residents in the first automobile suburbs and slowly
starving the traditional downtowns of customers despite the huge population
increase then underway in the adjacent areas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yet several writers referred to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: black;">“Plenty of shopping all reachable by major
roads”</span></i><span style="background: white; color: black;"> as one of Phoenixville’s
charms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This reflects a major historical
change in our society; our old towns were built when most people had to walk to
both work and shopping (not to mention worship).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today, people are used to commuting to work
and shopping at some distance from their homes, all thanks to the automobile.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one expects to shop downtown for the basic
things, from food to furniture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
are available at “big box” stores or, increasingly, online.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Phoenixville is an excellent example of an
old downtown repurposed for “boutique shopping” and entertainment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stores whose specialty offerings could not
pay the rent in a mall can thrive in a closely-knit community, and such entertainment
options such as micro-breweries (but mostly bars) find them a welcoming
environment. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How strange (and thus, how typical of history) is it that these two
characteristics of the post-WWII move to the periphery that helped to destroy
our old downtowns are, in this much later time, helping to regenerate this one?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s why I keep repeating my mantra: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">That was then; but this is now, and things
have changed!</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Travel time to work and shopping are important, but the condition and
status of the town itself are clearly more so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Phoenixville has a decided edge over other towns both up and down river
in that it has retained—and repurposed—a larger percentage of its beautiful old
buildings along a classic American “Main Street,” in this case named Bridge
Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Central to this ability to cast
a spell to both old and new is the Colonial Theatre, the last local survivor of
the golden age of movie theaters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
importance of this treasure as an anchor in the “town experience” cannot be
overstated. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Still, as with virtually every old town seeking revival, the secret is
Phoenixville’s walkability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
encompasses a great deal more than just reasonably level geography, but
geography certainly helps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
correspondent had previously lived in Conshohocken, and found Fayette Street’s
grade simply too steep, and moved to Phoenixville (while my combination of age
and physical decrepitude makes me sympathetic to this point, I must remember
that I am not among the demographic that reviving towns seek).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both towns feature access to the Schuylkill
Valley Trail, but that is common to every river town from Philadelphia to
Pottstown now; it’s a matter of how this fits into a larger plan to make your
particular town attractive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Walkability actually means pedestrian-friendly (read “wide”) sidewalks,
an allowance for business (read “food and drink," but not in that order) on
those sidewalks, and a host of small touches that all derive from a deliberate
focus of both government and voters on people, not automobiles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The result is a true sense of community, one that evidences itself regardless of conditions. One new resident remarked on this: "<i>I loved it when there was a blizzard and we walked downtown (for us, just across the bridge) for coffee and saw everyone out, some on skis, just associating with each other."</i></span></span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mind you, that Phoenixville’s main street is named Bridge Street should remind us that vehicle access to the river was
the reason the Borough came into existence in the first place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As that is one aspect of history that has not
changed, Phoenixville will increasingly be torn by the by-now classic struggle
between pedestrians and automobiles, particularly downtown.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In my June 3<sup>rd</sup> post, I spoke of the predominance of new
residents in the responses to me thus far.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That trend has continued.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
largely reflects people who were attracted to what Phoenixville is TODAY.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A more fundamental question lies in the
background.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How did Phoenixville get to
be the way it is today?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So, I repeat my appeal from that post:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I
would like to ask the Borough’s older residents (that’s in length of residence,
not necessarily age, although obviously the two go together) to be heard, and
speak/write of “the bad old days,” those decades after the final demise of the
Phoenix Steel Company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What was the
nature of Phoenixville’s “Community” back then, or even earlier, during the
long post-war decline?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Did the spirit
die and was reborn, or did it survive, nurtured by the few faithful during the
hard times?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This kind of knowledge would
go a great way toward answering the question “Why Phoenixville?”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I’d love to hear your
thoughts on these questions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Please
email me.</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-36151698146365839772016-07-01T08:05:00.001-07:002016-07-01T08:05:48.585-07:00Should Fayette Street Go On A Diet?<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The reviving river mill town of
Conshohocken, Pa. is seeing the problems that come from a rapid influx of new
residents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Among these, traffic
congestion brings by far the most complaints. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>T</span>o speed up traffic flow, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
(PennDOT) is proposing a fundamental change in the layout of the Borough’s
prime thoroughfare, Fayette Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Borough Council, however, wants to increase
pedestrian safety.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>PennDOT calls its
proposal a “Road Diet,” and says putting Fayette Street on it will help to
alleviate both concerns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is it possible
to both speed up traffic flow and increase pedestrian safety?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conshy residents should pay close attention
to this one.</div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For those readers unfamiliar with Conshohocken, Pa., the following two paragraphs
sum up the basics about the town and its backbone, Fayette Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those of you familiar with the area may safely
skip them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Conshohocken, Pa., is a municipality (a “borough”) of approximately one
square mile, virtually all of which sits on a hillside, terminating at a
particularly scenic curve of the Schuylkill River. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fayette Street proceeds down the hillside that
is Conshohocken to the floodplain below, effectively bisecting the town (its
name derives from the fact that it is a considerably straightened version of
the route General Lafayette’s troops took in the retreat from Philadelphia that
culminated at Valley Forge).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The street
is the left bank’s only direct means to cross the river and access the
intersection of two Interstate highways in the adjoining but much smaller
Borough of West Conshohocken. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
intersection, completed in the 1980s, has transformed both the formerly
downtrodden mill towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The floodplains
of both are seeing condominiums, apartments and hotels replace the long-defunct
mills, while the value of older homes up the hill continues to
rise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two boroughs are connected by
the Matsonford Bridge, which indicates the reason both Conshohockens came into
existence in the first place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The lowest section of Fayette Street has been transformed as part of the
effort to accommodate the steadily increasing volume of traffic over the
bridge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the upper stretch—most of
the street, actually—that is now the subject of discussion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This stretch of Fayette Street is four lanes
wide, plus a parking lane on each side.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There are stoplights, but only at a minority of the intersections.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Left turns onto Fayette from Borough streets
thus require crossing two lanes of incoming traffic before turning and merging
into one of the two lanes in the other direction (legally, only the near lane,
but you know how traffic behaves).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>During high traffic periods this can be an intimidating task.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Equally intimidating is the effort a
pedestrian much exert to walk across four lanes of traffic in the absence of a
traffic light.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fayette Street carries Borough residents on their way to the Interstates
across the river, but also carries traffic into and out of the Borough from the
neighboring townships of Whitemarsh and Plymouth, some of which is headed
to/from these highways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is thus, by
definition, an “arterial road.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Wikipedia defines this as “a high-capacity urban road,” and identifies
its primary function as “to deliver traffic from collector roads to freeways or
expressways and between urban centers at the highest level of service possible."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The engineering terminology derives from large
urban centers, but in a municipality of only one square mile, the usual
distinction between “collector roads” and urban streets is irrelevant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of Conshohocken’s urban streets debouch
directly onto Fayette Street.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">To get traffic moving more quickly, PennDOT wants to put Fayette Street
on a “Road Diet.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It proposes to convert
the current four-lane structure to three lanes, consisting of one through lane
in each direction and a center two-way left-turn lane.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The parking lanes on each side would not be
altered.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Just how can fewer lanes improve the flow of traffic?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The major reason is that by changing the four
lanes to three you make the center lane a mutual left-turn lane, for both
directions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such an arrangement can do
wonders for that bugaboo of urban driving, getting stuck behind a car making a
left turn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Absent a designated left-turn lane, the left
lane, so-called “fast” lane, is periodically blocked by cars stopped to make a
turn and waiting for oncoming traffic to clear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In even light traffic, those annoying delays can frustrate drivers,
particularly those who wish to pass through the town as quickly as
possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Studies show that…” as the
experts say, going on a road diet actually speeds up traffic flow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But the June 2<sup>nd</sup> article in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">MoreThanTheCurve.Com</i> about the proposal pointed out a potential
conflict:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>while PennDOT’s goal is</span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> “to create conditions to move
vehicles as quickly and effectively as possible…the municipality wants to slow
traffic and create a safer environment.”</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So what about Conshohocken’s
stated goal of increasing pedestrian safety?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There will be fewer lanes to cross, but more traffic at a higher speed
travelling along them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This is where things get interesting, at least for us non-traffic engineers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It appears that while PennDOT sees a road diet as
increasing both the speed and the density of traffic, Borough Council sees it
doing the exact opposite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the article
in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">MoreThanTheCurve.Com</i> put it, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Members of Borough Council seemed interested
in this concept as a way to calm traffic and discourage pass through traffic in
the Borough.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, if a commuter
is coming from Whitemarsh, this new configuration might encourage him or her to
access [Interstate] 76 off Chemical Road instead of driving down Fayette Street
to the bridge</i>.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Wikipedia articles on arterial roads and road diets offer a
fascinating juxtaposition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An arterial
road should deliver traffic at “the highest level of service,” (in both speed
and density), but “Proponents of road diets generally believe key benefits
include LOWER VEHICULAR SPEEDS [emphasis mine], reduced crash rates, and
improved pedestrian safety.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">That’s probably why the
Borough Council and Administration see merit in the proposal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Borough Mayor Bob Frost even suggested that
if the project goes forward, the lane configuration change be extended one
block closer to the bridge.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The Federal Highway Administration would
appear to agree.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">MoreThanTheCurve.Com</i> quoted it as saying, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A roadway configuration known as a Road Diet offers several high-value
improvements at a low cost when applied to traditional four-lane undivided
highways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition to low cost, the
primary benefits of a Road Diet include enhanced safety, mobility and access
for all road users and a “complete streets” environment to accommodate a
variety of transportation modes.”</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">For Fayette Street, that means a dedicated
bicycle lane on each side of the street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> E</span>xpediting bicyclists on Fayette
Street can have a very beneficial effect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> T</span>he nation’s finest river valley trail system—The Schuylkill
River Trail—traverses Conshohocken’s floodplain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have written previously about my concern that the “old” Conshy up the hill will be isolated from the “new” Conshy down
below. Bicycle lanes will certainly help, but the proposal does not provide a dedicated connection to the Trail. What are bicyclists going to do on
those last two blocks before the floodplain, on those streets most choked by traffic?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> C</span>onnecting to that fantastic Schuylkill Valley Trail could
be difficult, if not dangerous.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Bicycle lanes are but a small
component of the plan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The proposal was
only an introductory one, and many details need to be filled in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that’s just in Conshohocken itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> A</span></span>s Fayette Street beyond 12<sup>th</sup> Street becomes Butler Pike, separating the two townships of Plymouth and Whitemarsh, PennDOT’s proposal
would involve—and require the approval of—both these municipalities.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">All too often, planning decisions come down to which gets priority, the
community or the drivers, and community rarely wins.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What will happen in this case?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can Fayette Street after a Road Diet increase
both traffic flow and pedestrian safety?</span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The initial confusion over just what a “Road Diet” is going to
accomplish in Conshohocken, Pa. is likely the result of relying on Wikipedia to
analyze a specific situation, which is why I am sharing this post with groups
of people who actually understand the subject.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I want to understand better, but the residents of Conshohocken, Pa. are
the ones who need the guidance more.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Thus I close with an appeal to those of
you who read this and who actually do understand how roads, traffic and “road
diets” work, to help inform the residents of Conshohocken more fully than I
can.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can communicate to me on this
blog site and I will share your thoughts, or do so directly to residents on the
following Facebook pages:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/MoreThanTheCurve/?fref=ts">www.facebook.com/MoreThanTheCurve/?fref=ts</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/conshohocken.real/?fref=ts">www.facebook.com/conshohocken.real/?fref=ts</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/ConshohockenRevitalizationAlliance/?fref=ts">www.facebook.com/ConshohockenRevitalizationAlliance/?fref=ts</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/Conshystuff/?fref=ts">www.facebook.com/Conshystuff/?fref=ts</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/groups/654542397984468/">www.facebook.com/groups/654542397984468/</a></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thanks!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-84601455887482826612016-06-03T07:53:00.000-07:002016-06-03T07:53:11.929-07:00Why Phoenixville? A Guest Post About “Community”<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I’m taking a break from posts about the
future of Norristown, Pa. to pick up on my other current blog series that
examines its upriver neighbor, Phoenixville.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I have been asking the question “Why Phoenixville?” for some time
now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why is Phoenixville the only town
on the lower Schuylkill River that is experiencing a locally generated revival?
(remember, I differentiate it from what is happening downriver in the
Conshohockens).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The question was a major
focus of my recent East Coast trip, culminating in my talk to a gratifyingly
large audience at the Phoenixville Public Library.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thus it came to pass that a speaker about the recent history of
Phoenixville came armed with more questions than answers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I outlined the Borough’s history of emulating
the other river towns, not just in its structure but also in the reason it came
into existence, and the arc of its history, both in the good and then the bad
times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But then I focused on the period
since about 1980.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had good,
well-researched explanations for pretty much all the basics of Phoenixville
history up to that time, but not after.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>No one else does, either, I admitted, and asked for their help. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">At the end of my talk, several in the audience offered spontaneous
thoughts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I also asked them to email me
their thoughts on the subject, and have since received several excellent
responses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They vary greatly in length,
from short lists to extensive essays.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
continue to study them, but one theme dominates by its presence, in both the
spoken comments that followed my talk and the written ones that have since been
submitted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few mentioned it
specifically, others referenced events that demonstrate it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Regardless of how it was phrased, Phoenixville’s
spirit of “Community” stood head and shoulders above any other subject.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was described in different ways, using
different terms, but they all were basically describing the same thing. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are on to something here, for sure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I reprint below a substantial excerpt from one email, because it asks my
“Why Phoenixville?” question—in its own way—but only after offering, by
example, the fundamental answer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“December 6, 2014 will live as a day of
infamy in the hearts and minds of residents of Phoenixville Pennsylvania.
Sitting down in front of my computer, that Saturday, I could barely believe my
eyes when I read “Vandals Torch Firebird”. It had been exactly one week since
my wife and I moved into our new home in the area once called “Ironsides”, just
west of the borough line. We had moved from West Chester, a town thought to be
on the up and up. Prior to that we have lived in some of the less fortunate
river towns of Reading and Pottstown. The Schuylkill flows through my veins. We
had attended Firebird festivals a few years earlier and looked forward to this
one, our first as newly minted residents. Seeing as the bird had been torched,
this seemed a wash now that it was a fait accompli.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The details were sketchy, but what was
certain was at 3:30 AM fire was reported out at Friendship Field. By the time
the crews arrived the bird was a goner. A call had been made to the community
for help, I felt the need to be a part of it. Although it was a cold rainy day
with many boxes yet unpacked, as a retired carpenter, I knew I could give them
a hand, even if I didn’t know anybody out there at all, a strong force was
nudging me towards the door.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Arriving at the scene<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of the crime I found an amazing sight. Crowds
of people lugging pallets, old lumber and anything else flammable in nature
across the muddy fields, deeply rutted by the firetrucks that had managed to
only save one wingtip. Hendrik </span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">[The Firebird Festival’s single-named founder, leader and visionary]<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> had put the call out to the community for
anything that could be had to give a long-shot chance at rebuilding a bird. At
the curbside, a line of pickup trucks emptied piles of donations from many of
the community’s businesses along with tons from local attics and garages.
Finally Hendrik announced “We have enough!” With the light rain cooling the ash
pile of the old bird, we got down to the business of giving life to a new one.
Although not the bird that once had been, our collective effort produced a
worthy stand-in and just a few hours later, to the roar of the crowd, it then
also succumbed to immense flames.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So, what does this mean? Wouldn’t any other small town, given the
circumstances, pull together and match it? I believe most small town residents
would say, “Yes we sure would.” If they could, or could not, is it not really
as important as why should Phoenixville be the place to pull this off?”</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Why indeed?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s what I seek to find out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The spirit that induces a brand-new resident
(and not, technically, of the Borough itself), along with so many others, to
offer what they can to save a community event is clearly central to any attempt
to answer the question “Why Phoenixville?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As a historian, I note regretfully that most of the responses to my
question have come from recent residents, who moved from elsewhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This raises several interesting questions,
some of which I shall address in future posts, but for now I would like to ask the Borough’s older residents (that’s in length of residence, not
necessarily age, although obviously the two go together) to be heard, and
speak/write of “the bad old days,” those decades after the final demise of the
Phoenix Steel Company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What was the
nature of Phoenixville’s “Community” back then, or even earlier, during the
long post-war decline?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Did the spirit
die and was reborn, or did it survive, nurtured by the few faithful during the
hard times?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This kind of knowledge would
go a great way toward answering the question “Why Phoenixville?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you have any thoughts, I’d like to hear them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Please email me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PLEASE NOTE: CHANGE IN PUBLICATION
SCHEDULE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I have been publishing this blog every
two weeks, on Fridays.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, I need to
create space to undertake my next writing effort, as it will be a very
different subject from those on which I have so far focused.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus, beginning after this post, I will
publish a new “The More Things Change…” post on a monthly basis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will appear on the first Friday of each
month. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> This post, coming as it does two weeks after my previous one, is the last according to the old schedule. As it appears on the first Friday of June, it is also the first post under the new schedule. </span>My next post will be on Friday,
July 1<sup>st</sup>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope to
compensate with longer, more thoughtful, essays.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I thank you, in advance, for your patience
and for your continued support. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3051366378502005375.post-29325504319460437492016-05-20T07:50:00.000-07:002016-05-20T07:50:19.641-07:00Dear Stan Huskey: I’m Sticking To My Guns On This One Too!<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I utilized my most recent blog post to
differ with the published opinion of Stan Huskey, editor of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Times Herald</i> newspaper, that “the
business of Norristown should be business.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Such an attitude, I argued, fails to appreciate how history has changed
the realities of living along the lower Schuylkill Valley.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He recently replied, prompting this post in
return. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">First, I must clear up one not-so-minor point before getting to the relevant
ones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stan wrote in his column that <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 10.5pt;">“Tolle believes that
business doomed America to the Great Depression.”</span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I don’t believe any such thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here is what I actually wrote in the disputed
post:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“<i>It </i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">was a basic assumption of the times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of
course, that assumption and others closely-allied to it led to the Great
Depression, but never mind that for now.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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“It” was the attitude summed up in Coolidge’s expression “the business
of America is business,” and it <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">definitely</b>
led to the Great Depression.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am in
very good company on that one. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But never mind that for now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
are not talking about old, no-longer relevant aphorisms, but about the changes
that rendered them that way, and how understanding these should alter a
municipality’s traditional outlook and priorities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s really more about attitude than actions,
because actions derive from the interaction of attitude and assumptions. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of the attitudes held by Norristown
residents and their assumptions about “the good old days” need to be
fundamentally altered for them to apply today and in the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Still, I believe there is less that divides
us than that which unites us on this subject.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Here is a quote from a post dated October 2, 2015, that summarizes my
general approach:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The point is not whether or not a municipality should try to attract
businesses, but rather what kind of businesses it should try to attract.</i>”</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What triggered this initial series of
posts about Norristown was my learning that the Municipal Council had put
together a financial package to ease the way onto Main Street for a
restaurant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A restaurant is what I have
termed a “service” business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My
definition means that its primary market is local, a combination of within town
and not far away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A municipality should
not focus on bringing such businesses to town, let alone pave the way financially.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Service” businesses will begin to arrive—of
their own volition—as a town’s population increases due to people moving in who
possess disposable income.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You do not
need to “bring” such businesses to town; scarce resources are better spent
making the town itself safer and cleaner, to attract the base clientele that any
such recreation business needs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yes, that’s “recreation business.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I didn’t think that Stan meant the return of a steel mill when he said
“business,” and he should understand that when I say residence and recreation, I am
referring to businesses. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not only are
they businesses, they are the type that attracts ancillary businesses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today, such businesses like to locate in picturesque river valleys, particularly if they are also accessible to the
major road network. Residence and recreation appear to be doing fairly well for
Conshohocken and Phoenixville these days.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In the final analysis, t</span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">he only real disagreement I have with Stan’s explication of his
stance about business comes with this statement:</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 10.5pt;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 10.5pt;">“But let’s cut to the chase here, Norristown can be the
cleanest, safest place on all of Pennsylvania, but if there isn’t anything
(read: businesses) downtown to attract people, they’re still not going to come….Bring
an upscale boutique to town….Open a new distillery, which is happening on Main
Street….Build a thriving arts district with a variety of offerings, which we’re
doing with the now-established Theatre Horizon and the return of the Centre
Theater….And then bring a restaurateur to town and let him or her see the
crowds coming out of the theaters and he or she will want to open an incredible
new place that is going to attract even more people to town."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If Norristown were to become even close to the cleanest, safest
place in all of Pennsylvania, it wouldn’t need to attract either businesses or
people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both would be beating down the
doors to become part of such a community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You wouldn’t have to bring a restaurateur to town, because he or she
would have already heard all he or she needs to know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can’t simply “Bring an upscale boutique
to town”; that’s not how it works.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Upscale boutiques locate among communities of upscale people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Want to “bring” upscale businesses to
town?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Focus on the town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Up-and-coming communities do not need to
attract businesses; the fact that they are up-and-coming is sufficient.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s why you focus on the community—on its
people—and not on attracting businesses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">One final note, if I may.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his riposte, Stan observed that <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Clean and safe are one of the key components of revitalization,
and if Tolle had been following along with the bouncing ball he would know I’ve
been writing about that as well, and he did reference one of my columns from
last year, so…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I
do, in fact, read Stan’s columns on a regular basis, and have for longer than I
can remember.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has been a consistent
advocate for Norristown, one that the community definitely needs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His repeated return to the subject of
property tax demonstrates that his grasp of the fundamental issues is sound;
there is really no more important issue than that one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fact that this is my first published
disagreement over the years should indicate that we are not that far apart in
our viewpoints.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I am less certain that he reads my blog posts
(although they are available in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Times
Herald</i> digital edition).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is no
place to repeat—yet again—some basic truisms that I have offered before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So I simply ask Stan—and you all—to read my series
of posts entitled “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Make It Safe, Clean It
Up and They Will Come,”</i> which were published from 10/2/15 through 11/13/15,
and the most recent series on Norristown’s pending revival, which began on
1/29/16. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They explain why <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Business of Norristown Should Be To
Make It A Safe And Clean Community.</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.5pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let me end this post by reaffirming my
continued, unqualified support for the next “Norristown Rising”
roundtable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Stan’s words, it will
focus on <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.5pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“What
do we need to do to make sure Norristown is clean and safe?”</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That’s the issue, the biggest issue of
them all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I encourage you to show up,
and make your voice heard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This one is
about <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">YOU</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05564317383192729347noreply@blogger.com0